2020-12-09 17:35:28 +01:00
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\documentclass[]{scrartcl}
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\usepackage{geometry}
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\geometry{
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a4paper,
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top=18mm,
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bottom=19mm,
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}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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2020-12-09 21:01:32 +01:00
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\usepackage[fleqn]{amsmath}
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\usepackage{amssymb}
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\usepackage{amsfonts}
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\usepackage{mathpazo}
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\usepackage{booktabs}
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2020-12-09 17:35:28 +01:00
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\usepackage[pdftex,pdfa,hidelinks,breaklinks]{hyperref}
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\usepackage{url}
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\usepackage[affil-it]{authblk}
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\usepackage{pgfplots}
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\pgfplotsset{width=.7\textwidth}
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2020-12-09 17:35:28 +01:00
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\renewcommand{\figurename}{Obrázek}
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\renewcommand{\tablename}{Tabulka}
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\date{\today}
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\title{Protokol 5 - Operační zesilovače I.}
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\author{M et Z}
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\begin{document}
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\affil{FAI UTB ve Zlíně, Softwarové inženýrství (SWI)}
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\maketitle
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\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Obsah}
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\tableofcontents
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\newpage
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\section*{Zadání}
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\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Zadání}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Změřte napěťové zesílení operačního zesilovače v neinvertujícím zapojení
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\item Změřte napěťové zesílení operačního zesilovače v invertujícím zapojení
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\item Ověřte vlastnosti invertujícího součtového zesilovače
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\item Ověřte vlastnosti rozdílového zesilovače
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\end{enumerate}
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\newpage
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\section{Meření napěťového zesílení operačního zesilovače v neinvertujícím zapojení}
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2020-12-09 21:01:32 +01:00
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\subsection{Konstantní hodnoty}
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\subsubsection{Operační zesilovač 1}
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\begin{flalign*}
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A=3, R_1=1k\Omega, R_2=2k\Omega
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\end{flalign*}
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2020-12-09 22:05:06 +01:00
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\subsubsection{Operační zesilovač 2}
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\begin{flalign*}
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A=6, R_1=1k\Omega, R_2=5k\Omega
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\end{flalign*}
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\subsection{Tabulky napěťového zesílení}
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\begin{table}[!htb]
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\begin{minipage}[t]{.5\textwidth}
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}[t]{ccc}
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\toprule
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$U_1$ [V] & $U_2$ [V] \\ \cmidrule[\lightrulewidth](lr){1-2}
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-3 & -9 \\
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-2.5 & -7.5 \\
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-2 & -6 \\
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-1.5 & -4.5 \\
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-1 & -3 \\
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-0.5 & -1.5 \\
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0 & 0 \\
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0.5 & 1.5 \\
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1 & 3 \\
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1.5 & 4.5 \\
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2 & 6 \\
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2.5 & 7.5 \\
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3 & 9 \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\caption{\label{table:ninvertampl1}Zesílení OZ 1}
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\end{minipage}
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\begin{minipage}[t]{0.5\textwidth}
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}[t]{ccc}
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\toprule
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$U_1$ [V] & $U_2$ [V] \\ \cmidrule[\lightrulewidth](lr){1-2}
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-3 & -15 \\
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-2.5 & -15 \\
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-2.4 & -14.4 \\
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-2 & -12 \\
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-1.5 & -9 \\
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-1 & -6 \\
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-0.5 & -3 \\
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0 & 0 \\
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0.5 & 3 \\
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1 & 6 \\
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1.5 & 9 \\
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2 & 12 \\
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2.4 & 14.4 \\
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2.5 & 15 \\
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3 & 15 \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\caption{\label{table:ninvertampl2}Zesílení OZ 2}
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\end{minipage}
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\end{table}
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2020-12-09 22:05:06 +01:00
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\newpage
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\subsection{Graf napěťových charakteristik}
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\begin{figure}[!hbt]
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\centering
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={$U_1$ [V]},
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ylabel={$U_2$ [V]},
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xmin=-4, xmax=4,
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ymin=-20, ymax=20,
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xtick={-3,-2,-1,-0,1,2,3},
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ytick={-15,-13,-10,-5,0,5,10,13,15},
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legend pos=north west,
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ymajorgrids=true,
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grid style=dashed,
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line width=0.7pt,
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mark size=1.5pt,
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]
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\addplot[
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color=black,
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dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt on 3pt off 3pt,
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mark=*,
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mark options={solid},
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smooth
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]
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coordinates {
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(-3,-9)(-2.5,-7.5)(-2,-6)(-1.5,-4.5)(-1,-3)(-0.5,-1.5)(0,0)(0.5,1.5)(1,3)(1.5,4.5)(2,6)(2.5,7.5)(3,9)
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};
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\addlegendentry{OZ 1}
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\addplot[
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color=violet,
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dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt on 3pt off 3pt,
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mark=*,
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mark options={solid},
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smooth
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]
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coordinates {
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(-3,-15)(-2.5,-15)(-2.4,-14.4)(-2,-12)(-1.5,-9)(-1,-6)(-0.5,-3)(0,0)(0.5,3)(1,6)(1.5,9)(2,12)(2.4,14.4)(2.5,15)(3,15)
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};
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\addlegendentry{OZ 2}
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\caption{Napěťové charakteristiky neinvertujícího zesilovače}
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\end{figure}
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2020-12-09 17:35:28 +01:00
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\newpage
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\section{Meření napěťového zesílení operačního zesilovače v invertujícím zapojení}
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2020-12-09 23:10:48 +01:00
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\subsection{Konstantní hodnoty}
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\subsubsection{Invertující operační zesilovač 1}
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\begin{flalign*}
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A=-2, R_1=1k\Omega, R_2=1k\Omega
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\end{flalign*}
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\subsubsection{Invertující operační zesilovač 2}
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\begin{flalign*}
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A=-5, R_1=1k\Omega, R_2=4k\Omega
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\end{flalign*}
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\subsection{Tabulky napěťového zesílení}
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\begin{table}[!htb]
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2020-12-10 03:26:32 +01:00
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\begin{minipage}[t]{.45\textwidth}
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2020-12-09 23:10:48 +01:00
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}[t]{ccc}
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\toprule
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$U_1$ [V] & $U_2$ [V] \\ \cmidrule[\lightrulewidth](lr){1-2}
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-4.5 & 4.5 \\
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-4 & 4 \\
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-3.5 & 3.5 \\
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-3 & 3 \\
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-2.5 & 2.5 \\
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-2 & 2 \\
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-1.5 & 1.5 \\
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-1 & 1 \\
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-0.5 & 0.5 \\
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0 & 0 \\
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0.5 & -0.5 \\
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1 & -1 \\
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1.5 & -1.5 \\
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2 & -2 \\
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2.5 &-2.5 \\
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3 & -3 \\
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3.5 & -3.5 \\
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4 & -4 \\
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4.5 & -4.5 \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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2020-12-10 03:05:30 +01:00
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\caption{\label{table:invertampl1}Zesílení invertujícího zesilovače 1}
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2020-12-09 23:10:48 +01:00
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\end{minipage}
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2020-12-10 03:26:32 +01:00
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\begin{minipage}[t]{0.55\textwidth}
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2020-12-09 23:10:48 +01:00
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}[t]{ccc}
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\toprule
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$U_1$ [V] & $U_2$ [V] \\ \cmidrule[\lightrulewidth](lr){1-2}
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-4.5 & 15 \\
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-4 & 15 \\
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-3.5 & 15 \\
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-3.4 & 13.6 \\
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-3 & 11.9 \\
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-2.5 & 10 \\
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-2 & 8 \\
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-1.5 & 6 \\
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-1 & 4 \\
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-0.5 & 2 \\
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0 & 0 \\
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2020-12-10 00:31:03 +01:00
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0.5 & -2 \\
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1 & -4 \\
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1.5 & -6 \\
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2 & -8 \\
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2.5 & -10 \\
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3 & -11.9 \\
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3.4 & 13.6 \\
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3.5 & -15 \\
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4 & -15 \\
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4.5 & -15 \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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2020-12-10 03:05:30 +01:00
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\caption{\label{table:invertampl2}Zesílení invertujícího zesilovače 2}
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2020-12-09 23:10:48 +01:00
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\end{minipage}
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\end{table}
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\newpage
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\subsection{Graf napěťových charakteristik}
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\begin{figure}[!hbt]
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\centering
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={$U_1$ [V]},
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ylabel={$U_2$ [V]},
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xmin=-5, xmax=5,
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ymin=-17, ymax=17,
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xtick={-4.5,-3,-2,-1,-0,1,2,3,4.5},
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ytick={-15,-12,-9,-6,-3,0,3,6,9,12,15},
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legend pos=north east,
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ymajorgrids=true,
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grid style=dashed,
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line width=0.7pt,
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mark size=1.5pt,
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]
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\addplot[
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color=black,
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dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt on 3pt off 3pt,
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mark=*,
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mark options={solid},
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smooth
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]
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coordinates {
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(-4.5,4.5)(-4,4)(-3.5,3.5)(-3,3)(-2.5,2.5)(-2,2)(-1.5,1.5)(-1,1)(-0.5,0.5)(0,0)(0.5,-0.5)(1,-1)(1.5,-1.5)(2,-2)(2.5,-2.5)(3,-3)(3.5,-3.5)(4,-4)(4.5,-4.5)
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};
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2020-12-10 03:05:30 +01:00
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\addlegendentry{Invertující zesilovač 1}
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2020-12-09 23:10:48 +01:00
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\addplot[
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color=violet,
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dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt on 3pt off 3pt,
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mark=*,
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mark options={solid},
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smooth
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]
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coordinates {
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(-4.5,15)(-4,15)(-3.5,15)(-3.4,13.6)(-3,11.9)(-2.5,10)(-2,8)(-1.5,6)(-1,4)(-0.5,2)(0,0)(0.5,-2)(1,-4)(1.5,-6)(2,-8)(2.5,-10)(3,-11.9)(3.4,-13.6)(3.5,-15)(4,-15)(4.5,-15)
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};
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2020-12-10 03:05:30 +01:00
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\addlegendentry{Invertující zesilovač 2}
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2020-12-09 23:10:48 +01:00
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\caption{Napěťové charakteristiky invertujícího zesilovače}
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\end{figure}
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2020-12-09 17:35:28 +01:00
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\newpage
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\section{Oveření vlastností invertujícího součtového zesilovače}
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2020-12-10 03:00:04 +01:00
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\subsection{Konstantní hodnoty}
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\subsubsection{Invertující součtový zesilovač}
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\begin{flalign*}
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R_1=1k\Omega, R_2=1k\Omega, R_{zp}=1k\Omega
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\end{flalign*}
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\subsection{Tabulka napěťového zesílení}
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\begin{table}[!htb]
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\centering
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2020-12-10 22:54:41 +01:00
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\begin{minipage}[t]{.7\textwidth}
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2020-12-10 03:00:04 +01:00
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}[t]{ccc}
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\toprule
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$U_1$ [V] & $U_2$ [V] & $U_v$ [V] \\ \cmidrule[\lightrulewidth](lr){1-3}
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0 & 5 & -5 \\
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0.5 & 5 & -5.5 \\
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1 & 5 & -6 \\
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1.5 & 5 & -6.5 \\
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2 & 5 & -7 \\
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2.5 & 5 & -7.5 \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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2020-12-10 22:54:41 +01:00
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\caption{\label{table:invertsumampl}Zesílení invertujícího součtového zesilovače}
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2020-12-10 03:00:04 +01:00
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\end{minipage}
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\end{table}
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2020-12-09 17:35:28 +01:00
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2020-12-10 23:20:06 +01:00
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\newpage
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\subsection{Graf napěťových charakteristik}
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\begin{figure}[!hbt]
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\centering
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={Počet měření},
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ylabel={$U_1$, $U_2$, $U_v$},
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xmin=0, xmax=7,
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ymin=-8, ymax=6,
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xtick={1,2,3,4,5,6},
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ytick={-7.5,-6.5,-5.5,-4.5,0,1,2,3,4,5},
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legend pos=north east,
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legend style={at={(0.95,0.50)},anchor=north east},
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ymajorgrids=true,
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grid style=dashed,
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line width=0.7pt,
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mark size=1.5pt,
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]
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\addplot[
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color=black,
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dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt on 3pt off 3pt,
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mark=*,
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mark options={solid},
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smooth
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]
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coordinates {
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(1,0)(2,0.5)(3,1)(4,1.5)(5,2)(6,2.5)
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};
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\addlegendentry{$U_1$}
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\addplot[
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color=violet,
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dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt on 3pt off 3pt,
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mark=*,
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mark options={solid},
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smooth
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]
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coordinates {
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(1,5)(2,5)(3,5)(4,5)(5,5)(6,5)
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};
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\addlegendentry{$U_2$}
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\addplot[
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color=teal,
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dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt on 3pt off 3pt,
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mark=*,
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mark options={solid},
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smooth
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]
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coordinates {
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(1,-5)(2,-5.5)(3,-6)(4,-6.5)(5,-7)(6,-7.5)
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};
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2020-12-10 23:34:00 +01:00
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\addlegendentry{$U_v$}
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2020-12-10 23:20:06 +01:00
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\caption{Napěťová charakteristika součtového zesilovače}
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\end{figure}
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|
2020-12-09 17:35:28 +01:00
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\newpage
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\section{Ověření vlastností rozdílového zesilovače}
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2020-12-10 22:45:07 +01:00
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\subsection{Konstantní hodnoty}
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\subsubsection{Rozdílový zesilovač}
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\begin{flalign*}
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R_1=1k\Omega, R_2=1k\Omega, R_3=1k\Omega
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\end{flalign*}
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\subsection{Tabulka napěťového zesílení}
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\begin{table}[!htb]
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\centering
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\begin{minipage}[t]{.5\textwidth}
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}[t]{ccc}
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\toprule
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$U_1$ [V] & $U_2$ [V] & $U_v$ [V] \\ \cmidrule[\lightrulewidth](lr){1-3}
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0.5 & 5 & 4.5 \\
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1 & 5 & 4 \\
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1.5 & 5 & 3.5 \\
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2 & 5 & 3 \\
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2.5 & 5 & 2.5 \\
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3 & 5 & 2 \\
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3.5 & 5 & 1.5 \\
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4 & 5 & 1 \\
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4.5 & 5 & 0.5 \\
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5 & 5 & 0 \\
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5.5 & 5 & -0.5 \\
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6 & 5 & -1 \\
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6.5 & 5 & -1.5 \\
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7 & 5 & -2 \\
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7.5 & 5 & -2.5 \\
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8 & 5 & -3 \\
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\bottomrule
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|
\end{tabular}
|
2020-12-10 22:55:56 +01:00
|
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|
\caption{\label{table:diffampl}Zesílení rozdílového zesilovače}
|
2020-12-10 22:45:07 +01:00
|
|
|
\end{minipage}
|
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|
\end{table}
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|
2020-12-10 23:32:35 +01:00
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Graf napěťových charakteristik}
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[!hbt]
|
|
|
|
\centering
|
|
|
|
\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
|
|
\begin{axis}[
|
|
|
|
xlabel={Počet měření},
|
|
|
|
ylabel={$U_1$, $U_2$, $U_v$},
|
|
|
|
xmin=0, xmax=17,
|
|
|
|
ymin=-4, ymax=9,
|
|
|
|
xtick={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16},
|
|
|
|
ytick={-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8},
|
|
|
|
legend pos=north east,
|
|
|
|
legend style={at={(0.95,0.50)},anchor=north east},
|
|
|
|
ymajorgrids=true,
|
|
|
|
grid style=dashed,
|
|
|
|
line width=0.7pt,
|
|
|
|
mark size=1.5pt,
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
|
|
color=black,
|
|
|
|
dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt on 3pt off 3pt,
|
|
|
|
mark=*,
|
|
|
|
mark options={solid},
|
|
|
|
smooth
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
coordinates {
|
|
|
|
(1,0.5)(2,1)(3,1.5)(4,2)(5,2.5)(6,3)(7,3.5)(8,4)(9,4.5)(10,5)(11,5.5)(12,6)(13,6.5)(14,7)(15,7.5)(16,8)
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addlegendentry{$U_1$}
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
|
|
color=violet,
|
|
|
|
dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt on 3pt off 3pt,
|
|
|
|
mark=*,
|
|
|
|
mark options={solid},
|
|
|
|
smooth
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
coordinates {
|
|
|
|
(1,5)(2,5)(3,5)(4,5)(5,5)(6,5)(7,5)(8,5)(9,5)(10,5)(11,5)(12,5)(13,5)(14,5)(15,5)(16,5)
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addlegendentry{$U_2$}
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
|
|
color=teal,
|
|
|
|
dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt on 3pt off 3pt,
|
|
|
|
mark=*,
|
|
|
|
mark options={solid},
|
|
|
|
smooth
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
coordinates {
|
|
|
|
(1,4.5)(2,4)(3,3.5)(4,3)(5,2.5)(6,2)(7,1.5)(8,1)(9,0.5)(10,0)(11,-0.5)(12,-1)(13,-1.5)(14,-2)(15,-2.5)(16,-3)
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addlegendentry{$U_v$}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end{axis}
|
|
|
|
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
|
|
\caption{Napěťová charakteristika rozdílového zesilovače}
|
|
|
|
\end{figure}
|
2020-12-09 17:35:28 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
|
|
\section{Závěr}
|
2020-12-10 22:51:44 +01:00
|
|
|
Ve čtyřech různých zapojeních můžeme porovnat vlastnosti jednotlivých zesilovačů
|
|
|
|
a závislosti výstupního napětí $U_2$ při změně $U_1$.\\
|
|
|
|
\newline
|
|
|
|
Můžeme pozorovat jednotlivé náběhy napětí, dané úseky až do krajních mezí k~bodům
|
|
|
|
nasycení. Taktéž můžeme pozorovat závislosti při změnách odporů.\\
|
|
|
|
Výsledné zesílení můžeme jednoduše spočítat nebo změřit.\\
|
|
|
|
\newline
|
|
|
|
Můžeme pozorovat, že narozdíl od neinvertujícího zesilovače, invertující má
|
|
|
|
větší rozsah vstupního napětí $U_1$ než se dostane do stavu nasycení a to přibližně o 2V.
|
2020-12-09 17:35:28 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end{document}
|