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zsh/INSTALL
Oliver Kiddle f18221fbb0 spelling corrections (13610)
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++++++++++++++
INSTALLING ZSH
++++++++++++++
This file is divided into two parts: making and installing the shell, and
a description of various additional configuration options. You should
have a look at the items in the second part before following the
instructions in the first.
=====================
MAKING AND INSTALLING
=====================
Check MACHINES File
-------------------
Check the file MACHINES in the subdirectory Etc to see the architectures
that zsh is known to compile on, as well as any special instructions
for your particular architecture. Most architectures will not require any
special instructions.
Pre-configuration
-----------------
If you are using a normal source release, skip this section.
If the `configure' script does not already exist -- e.g., if you've got
a snapshot of the bare sources just checked out from a CVS repository
-- some things need to be built before the configuration can proceed.
Run the script `./Util/preconfig' to do this.
Configuring Zsh
---------------
To configure zsh, from the top level directory, do the command:
./configure
Configure accepts several options (explained below). To display
currently available options, do the command:
./configure --help
Most of the interesting configuration options can be added after running
configure by editing the user configuration section of config.h and the
top level Makefile.
Dynamic loading
---------------
Zsh-3.1 has support for dynamically loadable modules. This is now enabled
by default; to disable it, run configure with the --disable-dynamic option.
Note that dynamic loading does not work on all systems. On these systems
this option will have no effect. When dynamic loading is enabled, major
parts of zsh (including the Zsh Line Editor) are compiled into modules and
not included into the main zsh binary. Zsh autoloads these modules when
they are required. This means that you have to execute make
install.modules before you try the newly compiled zsh executable, and hence
also the install paths must be correct. The installation path for modules
is EPREFIX/lib/zsh/<zsh-version-number>, where EPREFIX defaults to PREFIX
unless given explicitly, and PREFIX defaults to /usr/local. See the end of
this file for options to configure to change these.
Adding and removing modules
---------------------------
The zsh distribution contains several modules, in the Src/Builtins,
Src/Modules and Src/Zle directories. If you have any additional zsh
modules that you wish to compile for this version of zsh, create another
subdirectory of the Src directory and put them there. You can create
as many extra subdirectories as you need, but currently configure will only
search in immediate subdirectories of Src. The subdirectories must be
actual directories; symbolic links will not work. You will then need to
rerun configure; the easiest way is to run `config.status --recheck' from
the top-level build directory which retains the existing configuration as
much as possible.
The key to the module system is the file config.modules, created in the
configuration process. Each module has a line in the file. It may be
edited to change the following values for each module; be careful to retain
the (strict) format for the file:
link - `dynamic', if the module is to be dynamically linked -- meaningless
if this is not available on your system.
`static' if the module is to be linked directly into the executable.
`no' if the module is not to be linked at all. In this case it will
not even be compiled.
load - `yes' if the module is to be visible to the user. This will make
builtins, parameters etc. visible to the user without any need
to use the zmodload builtin.
`no' if an explicit zmodload command is to be required to load the
utilities in the module. Note that this applies both to
statically and dynamically linked modules.
auto - `yes' if the entry is to be regenerated whenever configure is run.
`no' if you wish to retain your hand-edited version.
Do not edit the entry for the pseudo-module zsh/main, which is the main
shell. After you have edited this file, run `make prep' in the Src
subdirectory.
By default the complete, compctl, zle, computil, complist, sched, parameter,
zleparameter and rlimits modules are compiled into non-dynamic zsh and no
modules are compiled into the main binary if dynamic loading is available.
Note that the modules depending on zle or complete (e.g.: complist and
deltochar) cannot be loaded dynamically on systems which do not allow symbols
in one dynamically loaded library to be visible from another; this is true,
for example, of version 4 of SunOS. The most convenient workaround is to
compile zle and complete into the base executable by setting their `link'
entries in config.modules to `static' as described above.
Compiler Options or Using a Different Compiler
----------------------------------------------
By default, configure will use the "gcc" compiler if found. You can use a
different compiler, or add unusual options for compiling or linking that
the "configure" script does not know about, by either editing the user
configuration section of the top level Makefile (after running configure)
or giving "configure" initial values for these variables by setting them
in the environment. Using a Bourne-compatible shell (such as sh,ksh,zsh),
you can do that on the command line like this:
CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure
Or on systems that have the "env" program, you can do it like this:
env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure
The flags CFLAGS, CPPFLAGS, LDFLAGS and LIBS can also be set as flags to
configure, where the name appears in lower case:
configure --enable-cflags=-O2 --enable-libs=-lposix
The advantage of this form is that `config.status --recheck' will remember
the flags you originally specified. You can still override the flags when
running `make' (although these will not be passed down via `config.status
--recheck').
Check Generated Files
---------------------
Configure will probe your system and create a "config.h" header file.
You should check the user configuration section at the beginning of
this include file. You should also examine the values (determined by
configure) of HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE, and VENDOR to make sure they
are correct. The value of these #defines's is used only to initialize
the corresponding default shell parameters. Since these shell parameters
are only for informational purposes, you can change them to whatever
you feel is appropriate.
Also configure will create a Makefile in the top level directory as well
as in the various subdirectories. You should check the user configuration
section of the top level Makefile.
Compiling Zsh
-------------
After configuring, to build zsh, do the command:
make
Installing Zsh
--------------
If no make/compilation errors occur, then to install the zsh binary, do
the command:
make install.bin
Any previous copy of zsh will be renamed "zsh.old"
To install the dynamically-loadable modules, do the command:
make install.modules
To install the zsh man page, do the command:
make install.man
To install all the shell functions which come with the distribution, do the
command:
make install.fns
Or alternatively, you can install all the above with the command:
make install
To install the zsh info files (this must be done separately), do the
command:
make install.info
If the programme install-info is available, "make install.info" will
insert an entry in the file "dir" in the same directory as the info
files. Otherwise you will have to edit the topmost node of the info
tree "dir" manually in order to have the zsh info files available to
your info reader.
Building Zsh On Additional Architectures
----------------------------------------
To build zsh on additional architectures, you can do a "make distclean".
This should restore the zsh source distribution back to its original
state. You can then configure zsh as above on other architectures in
which you wish to build zsh. Or alternatively, you can use a different
build directory for each architecture.
Using A Different Build Directory
---------------------------------
You can compile the zsh in a different directory from the one containing
the source code. Doing so allows you to compile it on more than one
architecture at the same time. To do this, you must use a version of
"make" that supports the "VPATH" variable, such as GNU "make". "cd" to
the directory where you want the object files and executables to go and
run the "configure" script. "configure" automatically checks for the
source code in the directory that "configure" is in. For example,
cd /usr/local/SunOS/zsh
/usr/local/src/zsh-3.0/configure
make
=====================
CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
=====================
Memory Routines
---------------
Included in this release are alternate malloc and associated functions
which reduce memory usage on some systems. To use these, add the option
--enable-zsh-mem
when invoking "configure".
You should check Etc/MACHINES to see if there are specific recommendations
about using the zsh malloc routines on your particular architecture.
Debugging Routines
------------------
You can turn on various debugging options when invoking "configure".
To turn on some extra checking in the memory management routines, you
can use the following options when invoking "configure".
--enable-zsh-mem-warning # turn on warnings of memory allocation errors
--enable-zsh-secure-free # turn on memory checking of free()
If you are using zsh's memory allocation routines (--enable-zsh-mem), you
can turn on debugging of this code. This enables the builtin "mem".
--enable-zsh-mem-debug # debug zsh's memory allocators
You can turn on some debugging information of zsh's internal hash tables.
This enables the builtin "hashinfo".
--enable-zsh-hash-debug # turn on debugging of internal hash tables
To add some sanity checks and generate debugging information for debuggers
you can use the following option. This also disables optimization.
--enable-zsh-debug # use it if you want to debug zsh
Startup/shutdown files
----------------------
Zsh has several startup/shutdown files which are in /etc by default. This
can be overriden using one of the options below when invoking "configure".
--enable-etcdir=directory # default directory for global zsh scripts
--enable-zshenv=pathname # the full pathname of the global zshenv script
--enable-zshrc=pathname # the full pathname of the global zshrc script
--enable-zlogin=pathname # the full pathname of the global zlogin script
--enable-zprofile=pathname # the full pathname of the global zprofile script
--enable-zlogout=pathname # the full pathname of the global zlogout script
Any startup/shutdown script can be disabled by giving the
--disable-scriptname option to "configure". The --disable-etcdir option
disables all startup/shutdown files which are not explicitly enabled.
Shell functions
---------------
By default, the shell functions which are installed with `make install' or
`make install.fns' go into the directory ${datadir}/zsh/functions, which
unless you have specified --datadir is the same as
${prefix}/share/zsh/$ZSH_VERSION/functions ($prefix itself defaults to
/usr/local, as described below). This directory will also be compiled into
the shell as the default directory for the variable $fpath/$FPATH. You can
override it with --enable-fndir=directory; --disable-fndir or
--enable-fndir=no will turn off both installation of functions and the
setting of a default value for $fpath/$FPATH. Note the presence of
$ZSH_VERSION (e.g. `3.1.7') to avoid clashes between versions of zsh.
If you only run one version of zsh at once, installing into a common
directory such as /usr/local/share/zsh/functions is fine --- note, however,
that uninstallation is more likely to create problems in this case.
The functions to be installed are controlled by config.modules. These
appear at the end of the line after `functions=': note that the rest of the
line is taken verbatim as shell command line text, i.e. no quoting is used
around the value as a whole and unquoted wildcards will be expanded. To
prevent any functions from being installed, either remove the `functions='
entry or delete the reset of the line after it.
Functions not specific to a particular module are listed on the zsh/main
line. None of these are crucial to shell operation, so you may choose not
to install them. For other modules, the functions will be installed if and
only if the module itself is installed. This will usually be what you
want; in particular, the zsh/complete and zsh/zftp modules are of much less
use without the associated functions. The functions listed with zsh/zle
are optional. however.
You can also use the configure option --enable-function-subdirs to allow
shell functions to be installed into subdirectories of the function
directory, i.e. `Core/*' files will be installed into `FNDIR/Core', and so
on. This also initialises $fpath/$FPATH appropriately.
The option --enable-site-fndir controls whether to create and initialise
$fpath to include a directory for site-specific functions. By default this
is created in the location ${datadir}/zsh/site-functions, i.e. parallel to
the version-specific functions directory, and inserted at the start of the
$fpath array on shell startup. This directory will not be affected by
`make uninstall' or `make uninstall.fns', although the version-specific
directory and its contents will be deleted.
Support for large files and integers
------------------------------------
Some 32-bit systems allow special compilation modes to get around the 2GB
file size barrier. The option --enable-lfs turns on the configure check
for support for large files. This is now enabled by default; use
--disable-lfs to turn it off. Not all systems recognize the test used by
zsh (via the getconf command), so flags may need to be set by hand. On
HP-UX 10.20, zsh has been successfully compiled with large file support by
configuring with
CC="cc -Ae" CPPFLAGS="-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE64" configure \
--enable-lfs ...
You can also give a value to --enable-lfs, which will be interpreted as the
name of a 64-bit integer type, for example --enable-lfs="long long"
(although this type is checked for anyway).
Furthermore, use of --enable-lfs will also enable 64-bit arithmetic for
shell parameters, and anywhere they are used such as in mathematical
formulae. This depends only on the shell finding a suitable 64-bit integer
type; it does not require that support for large files is actually
enabled. Hence you might consider using --enable-lfs on any 32-bit system
with a suitable compiler such as gcc.
Also note that if `configure' finds out that either of the types off_t or
ino_t are 64-bit quantities, but that long integers are only 32 bits, all
the above will be enabled automatically. This is necessary to ensure
correct handling of these types.
None of this is relevant for 64-bit systems; zsh should compile and run
without problems if (sizeof(long) == 8).
Options For Configure
---------------------
The `configure' program accepts many options, not all of which are useful
or relevant to zsh. To get the complete list of configure options, run
"./configure --help". The following list should contain most of the
options of interest for configuring zsh.
Configuration:
--cache-file=FILE # cache test results in FILE
--help # print a help message
--version # print the version of autoconf that create configure
--quiet, --silent # do not print `checking...' messages
--no-create # do not create output files
Directories:
--prefix=PREFIX # install host independent files in PREFIX [/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX # install host dependent files in EPREFIX [same as prefix]
--bindir=DIR # install user executables in DIR [EPREFIX/bin]
--infodir=DIR # install info documentation in DIR [PREFIX/info]
--mandir=DIR # install man documentation in DIR [PREFIX/man]
--srcdir=DIR # find the sources in DIR [configure dir or ..]
Features:
--enable-FEATURE # enable use of this feature
--disable-FEATURE # disable use of this feature
The FEATURES currently supported are:
zsh-debug # use it if you want to debug zsh
zsh-mem # use zsh's memory allocators
zsh-mem-debug # debug zsh's memory allocators
zsh-mem-warning # turn on warnings of memory allocation errors
zsh-secure-free # turn on memory checking of free()
zsh-hash-debug # turn on debugging of internal hash tables
etcdir=directory # default directory for global zsh scripts
zshenv=pathname # the full pathname of the global zshenv script
zshrc=pathname # the full pathname of the global zshrc script
zlogin=pathname # the full pathname of the global zlogin script
zprofile=pathname # the full pathname of the global zprofile script
zlogout=pathname # the full pathname of the global zlogout script
fndir=directory # the directory where shell functions will go
site-fndir=directory# the directory where site-specific functions can go
function-subdirs # if functions will be installed into subdirectories
omit-modules=mod1,..# don't compile nor install the modules named mod1,...
dynamic # allow dynamically loaded binary modules
lfs # allow configure check for large files
locale # allow use of locale library
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