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52308: FAQ for new features, fix some old answers

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Bart Schaefer 2023-11-15 20:23:54 -08:00
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@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
2023-11-15 Bart Schaefer <schaefer@zsh.org>
* 52308: Etc/FAQ.yo: mention new features, fix some old answers
* 52275: Src/compat.c: rationality in zgetdir() and zgetcwd() to
avoid silently wandering out of the current directory when path
parents are inaccessible.

136
Etc/FAQ.yo
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@ -445,7 +445,14 @@ label(21)
invoked with the appropriate name. Including the command
`emulate sh; setopt localoptions' in a shell function will
turn on sh emulation for that function only. In version 4 (and in
3.0.6 through 8), this can be abbreviated as `emulate -L sh'.
3.0.6 through 8), this can be abbreviated as `emulate -L sh';
myeit() in versions after 5.9, the myem(namespace) syntax and
myem(named references) (ksh mytt(nameref)) are available, but
differ in some details from the ksh93+ semantics;
myeit() also after 5.9, myem(non-forking command substitutions) are
available. These are described by ksh as myem(a brace group preceded
by a dollar sign) (mytt(${ list;})), but zsh has both some added
features adopted from mksh, and some limitations, see link(2.11)(211)
)
The classic difference is word splitting, discussed in question \
@ -496,9 +503,9 @@ tt(RM_STAR_SILENT),
those are a completely different type of object.)
it() Coprocesses are established by mytt(coproc); mytt(|&) behaves like
csh. Handling of coprocess file descriptors is also different.
it() In mytt(cmd1 && cmd2 &), only mytt(cmd2) instead of the whole
expression is run in the background in zsh. The manual implies
this is a bug. Use mytt({ cmd1 && cmd2 } &) as a workaround.
it() In mytt(cmd1 && cmd2 &), instead of backgrounding the whole
expression, only mytt(cmd2) is run in the background in zsh.
Use mytt(( cmd1 && cmd2 ) &) as a workaround.
)
it() Command line substitutions, globbing etc.:
itemization(
@ -960,6 +967,106 @@ label(28)
languages and adjusting it accordingly, just like you would
when translating a book from American English to British English.
sect(What is a mytt(namespace) anyway?)
label(29)
As of this writing, namespaces in zsh are little more than syntactic
sugar for grouping related parameters. For example, as of the update
to PCRE2, the parameters ${.pcre.match} and ${.pcre.subject} are used
for regular expression substring capture. The mytt(.pcre.) part is
the namespace, and when you refer to a parameter that has one, you
mybf(must) use the mytt(${...}) braces around the name. Assignments
are not special, they have the form mytt(.nspace.var=value) as usual.
Parameters using a namespace have the additional property that, like
file names beginning with a dot for globbing, they're hidden from
mytt(typeset) output unless explicitly asked for.
Namespaces appear in releases after but not including zsh 5.9.
sect(What about named references?)
label(210)
Named references are a bit like aliases, but for parameters. A named
reference would typically be usable in the same cases as ${(P)name}
(see link(3.22)(322)). The value of a named reference is the name
of another parameter, and when you expand or assign to the named
reference, that other parameter is expanded or assigned instead.
Thus a trivial example is
verb(
% target=RING
% typeset -n ref=target
% print $ref
RING
% ref=BULLSEYE
% print $target
BULLSEYE
)
One exception to this behavior is when a named reference is used as
the loop variable in a mytt(for) loop. In that case the reference is
unset and reset on each iteration of the loop.
verb(
% target=RING bullseye=SPOT other=MISS
% typeset -n ref=other
% for ref in target bullseye; do
> print $ref
> ref=HIT:$ref
> done
RING
SPOT
% print $other
MISS
% print $ref
HIT:SPOT
)
Named references may be used in zsh versions later than 5.9.
sect(What is zsh's support for non-forking command substitution?)
label(211)
This is for cases where you'd write mytt($(command)) but you don't want
the overhead or other issues associated with forking a subshell.
There are 3 variations:
enumeration(
myeit() Borrowed from mksh
verb(
${| code }
)
Runs code in the current shell context and then substitutes mytt(${REPLY}).
myeit() An extension to #1
verb(
${|var| code }
)
Runs code in the current shell and then substitutes mytt(${var}).
myeit() The traditional ksh form, except that the closing mytt(;)
may usually be omitted:
verb(
${ code }
)
Runs code in the current shell and substitutes its standard output.
(this is done with a temporary file ala mytt($(<=( code ))) but
without the fork implied by mytt(=(...))).
)
In all three forms mytt(code) behaves myem(similarly) to an anonymous
function invoked like:
verb(
() { local REPLY; code } "$@"
)
Thus, mytt($REPLY) is implicitly local and returns to its previous
value after the substitution ends, all other parameters declared from
inside the substitution are also local by default, and positional
parameters mytt($1), mytt($2), etc. are those of the calling context.
The most significant limitation is that braces (mytt({) and mytt(}))
within the substitutions must either be in balanced pairs, or must be
quoted, that is, included in a quoted string or prefixed by backslash.
These substitutions first become usable after zsh 5.9.
chapter(How to get various things to work)
sect(Why does mytt($var) where mytt(var="foo bar") not do what I expect?)
@ -1641,6 +1748,7 @@ label(321)
manual.
sect(How do I get a variable's value to be evaluated as another variable?)
label(322)
The problem is that you have a variable tt($E) containing the string
mytt(EDITOR), and a variable tt($EDITOR) containing the string mytt(emacs),
@ -2509,14 +2617,11 @@ sect(What's on the wish-list?)
characters. Initial support for this appeared in version 4.3;
it is reasonably complete in the line editor but patchy elsewhere
(note this may require the configuration option --enable-multibyte).
it() The parameter code could do with tidying up, maybe with more of the
features made available in ksh93.
it() The parameter code could do with tidying up.
it() Configuration files to enable zsh startup files to be created
with the Dotfile Generator.
it() Further improvements in integrating the line editor with shell
functions.
it() POSIX compatibility could be improved.
it() Option for glob qualifiers to follow perl syntax (a traditional item).
)
sect(Did zsh have problems in the year 2000?)
@ -2618,11 +2723,12 @@ https://github.com/chrisbra/vim_faq/blob/de424bd8e08bcf0e6b1e0563ee49514dfed926a
nsect(Acknowledgments:)
Thanks to zsh-list, in particular Bart Schaefer, for suggestions
Thanks to zsh-workers, in particular Bart Schaefer, for suggestions
regarding this document. Zsh has been in the hands of archivists Jim
Mattson, Bas de Bakker, Richard Coleman, Zoltan Hidvegi and Andrew
Main, and the mailing list has been run by Peter Gray, Rick Ohnemus,
Richard Coleman, Karsten Thygesen and Geoff Wing, all of whom deserve
Main, and the mailing lists have been managed or hosted by Peter Gray,
Rick Ohnemus, Richard Coleman, Karsten Thygesen, Geoff Wing, Phil
Pennock, Daniel Shahaf, and Oliver Kiddle, all of whom deserve
thanks. The world is eternally in the debt of Paul Falstad for inventing
zsh in the first place (though the wizzo extended completion is by Sven
Wischnowsky).
@ -2630,15 +2736,15 @@ Wischnowsky).
nsect(Copyright Information:)
This document is copyright (C) P.W. Stephenson, 1995, 1996, 1997,
1998, 1999, 2000, 2012, 2020. This text originates in the U.K. and the author
asserts his moral rights under the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act,
1988.
1998, 1999, 2000, 2012, 2020, 2023. This text originates in the U.K.
and the author asserts his moral rights under the Copyrights, Designs
and Patents Act, 1988.
Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
documentation for any purpose, provided that the above copyright
notice appears in all copies of this documentation. Remember,
however, that this document changes monthly and it may be more useful
however, this document changes occasionally and it may be more useful
to provide a pointer to it rather than the entire text. A suitable
pointer is "information on the Z-shell can be obtained on the World
Wide Web at URL https://zsh.sourceforge.io/".