openwrt/docs/wireless.tex

The WiFi settings are configured in the file \texttt{/etc/config/wireless}
(currently supported on Broadcom and Atheros). When booting the router for the first time
it should detect your card and create a sample configuration file. By default '\texttt{option network  lan}' is
commented. This prevents unsecured sharing of the network over the wireless interface.

\paragraph{Generic Broadcom wireless config:}

\begin{Verbatim}
config wifi-device      "wl0"
    option type         "broadcom"
    option channel      "5"

config wifi-iface
    option device       "wl0"
#   option network  lan
    option mode         "ap"
    option ssid         "OpenWrt"
    option hidden       "0"
    option encryption   "none"
\end{Verbatim}

\paragraph{Generic Atheros wireless config:}

\begin{Verbatim}
config wifi-device      "wifi0"
    option type         "atheros"
    option channel      "5"
    option mode  	"11g"

config wifi-iface
    option device       "wifi0"
#   option network  lan
    option mode         "ap"
    option ssid         "OpenWrt"
    option hidden       "0"
    option encryption   "none"
\end{Verbatim}

\paragraph{Generic multi-radio Atheros wireless conifg:}

\begin{Verbatim}
config wifi-device  wifi0
    option type     atheros
    option channel  1

config wifi-iface
    option device   wifi0
#   option network  lan
    option mode     ap
    option ssid     OpenWrt_private
    option hidden   0
    option encryption none

config wifi-device  wifi1
    option type     atheros
    option channel  11

config wifi-iface
    option device   wifi1
#   option network  lan
    option mode     ap
    option ssid     OpenWrt_public
    option hidden   1
    option encryption none
\end{Verbatim}

There are two types of config sections in this file. The '\texttt{wifi-device}' refers to
the physical wifi interface and '\texttt{wifi-iface}' configures a virtual interface on top
of that (if supported by the driver).

A full outline of the wireless configuration file with description of each field:

\begin{Verbatim}
config wifi-device     wifi device name
    option type     broadcom, atheros
    option country  us, uk, fr, de, etc.
    option channel  1-14
    option maxassoc 1-128 (broadcom only)
    option distance 1-n
    option mode     11b, 11g, 11a, 11bg (atheros only)

config wifi-iface
    option network  the interface you want wifi to bridge with 
    option device   wifi0, wifi1, wifi2, wifiN
    option mode     ap, sta, adhoc, or wds
    option ssid     ssid name
    option bssid    bssid address
    option encryption none, wep, psk, psk2, wpa, wpa2 
    option key      encryption key
    option key1     key 1
    option key2     key 2
    option key3     key 3
    option key4     key 4
    option server   ip address
    option port     port
    option hidden   0,1
    option isolate  0,1
\end{Verbatim}

\paragraph{Options for the \texttt{wifi-device}:}

\begin{itemize}
    \item \texttt{type} \\
        The driver to use for this interface.
	
    \item \texttt{country} \\
        The country code used to determine the regulatory settings.

    \item \texttt{channel} \\
        The wifi channel (e.g. 1-14, depending on your country setting).

    \item \texttt{maxassoc} \\
        Optional: Maximum number of associated clients. This feature is supported only on the broadcom chipset.

    \item \texttt{distance} \\
	Optional: Distance between the ap and the furthest client in meters. This feature is supported only on the atheros chipset.

	\item \texttt{mode} \\
		The frequency band (\texttt{b}, \texttt{g}, \texttt{bg}, \texttt{a}). This feature is only supported on the atheros chipset.


\end{itemize}

\paragraph{Options for the \texttt{wifi-iface}:}

\begin{itemize}
    \item \texttt{network} \\
        Selects the interface section from \texttt{/etc/config/network} to be
        used with this interface

    \item \texttt{device} \\
	Set the wifi device name.

    \item \texttt{mode} \\
        Operating mode:

        \begin{itemize}
            \item \texttt{ap} \\
                Access point mode

            \item \texttt{sta} \\
                Client mode

            \item \texttt{adhoc} \\
                Ad-Hoc mode

            \item \texttt{wds} \\
                WDS point-to-point link

        \end{itemize}

    \item \texttt{ssid}
	Set the SSID to be used on the wifi device.

    \item \texttt{bssid}
	Set the BSSID address to be used for wds to set the mac address of the other wds unit.

    \item \texttt{encryption} \\
        Encryption setting. Accepts the following values:

        \begin{itemize}
	    \item \texttt{none}
	    \item \texttt{wep}
            \item \texttt{psk}, \texttt{psk2} \\
                WPA(2) Pre-shared Key

            \item \texttt{wpa}, \texttt{wpa2} \\
                WPA(2) RADIUS
        \end{itemize}

    \item \texttt{key, key1, key2, key3, key4} (wep, wpa and psk) \\
        WEP key, WPA key (PSK mode) or the RADIUS shared secret (WPA RADIUS mode)

    \item \texttt{server} (wpa) \\
        The RADIUS server ip address

    \item \texttt{port} (wpa) \\
        The RADIUS server port

    \item \texttt{hidden} \\
        0 broadcasts the ssid; 1 disables broadcasting of the ssid

    \item \texttt{isolate} \\
        Optional: Isolation is a mode usually set on hotspots that limits the clients to communicate only with the AP and not with other wireless clients.
        0 disables ap isolation (default); 1 enables ap isolation.

\end{itemize}


\paragraph{Limitations:}

There are certain limitations when combining modes.
Only the following mode combinations are supported:

\begin{itemize}
    \item \textbf{Broadcom}: \\
        \begin{itemize}
            \item 1x \texttt{sta}, 0-3x \texttt{ap}
            \item 1-4x \texttt{ap}
            \item 1x \texttt{adhoc}
        \end{itemize}

        WDS links can only be used in pure AP mode and cannot use WEP (except when sharing the
        settings with the master interface, which is done automatically).

    \item \textbf{Atheros}: \\
        \begin{itemize}
            \item 1x \texttt{sta}, 0-4x \texttt{ap}
            \item 1-4x \texttt{ap}
            \item 1x \texttt{adhoc}
        \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}