mirror of
https://github.com/git/git.git
synced 2024-05-04 04:16:12 +02:00
55dfcf9591
When changing the scope of a sparse-checkout using cone mode, we might have some tracked directories go out of scope. The current logic removes the tracked files from within those directories, but leaves the ignored files within those directories. This is a bit unexpected to users who have given input to Git saying they don't need those directories anymore. This is something that is new to the cone mode pattern type: the user has explicitly said "I want these directories and _not_ those directories." The typical sparse-checkout patterns more generally apply to "I want files with with these patterns" so it is natural to leave ignored files as they are. This focus on directories in cone mode provides us an opportunity to change the behavior. Leaving these ignored files in the sparse directories makes it impossible to gain performance benefits in the sparse index. When we track into these directories, we need to know if the files are ignored or not, which might depend on the _tracked_ .gitignore file(s) within the sparse directory. This depends on the indexed version of the file, so the sparse directory must be expanded. We must take special care to look for untracked, non-ignored files in these directories before deleting them. We do not want to delete any meaningful work that the users were doing in those directories and perhaps forgot to add and commit before switching sparse-checkout definitions. Since those untracked files might be code files that generated ignored build output, also do not delete any ignored files from these directories in that case. The users can recover their state by resetting their sparse-checkout definition to include that directory and continue. Alternatively, they can see the warning that is presented and delete the directory themselves to regain the performance they expect. By deleting the sparse directories when changing scope (or running 'git sparse-checkout reapply') we regain these performance benefits as if the repository was in a clean state. Since these ignored files are frequently build output or helper files from IDEs, the users should not need the files now that the tracked files are removed. If the tracked files reappear, then they will have newer timestamps than the build artifacts, so the artifacts will need to be regenerated anyway. Use the sparse-index as a data structure in order to find the sparse directories that can be safely deleted. Re-expand the index to a full one if it was full before. Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com> Reviewed-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
264 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
264 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
git-sparse-checkout(1)
|
|
======================
|
|
|
|
NAME
|
|
----
|
|
git-sparse-checkout - Initialize and modify the sparse-checkout
|
|
configuration, which reduces the checkout to a set of paths
|
|
given by a list of patterns.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
|
--------
|
|
[verse]
|
|
'git sparse-checkout <subcommand> [options]'
|
|
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Initialize and modify the sparse-checkout configuration, which reduces
|
|
the checkout to a set of paths given by a list of patterns.
|
|
|
|
THIS COMMAND IS EXPERIMENTAL. ITS BEHAVIOR, AND THE BEHAVIOR OF OTHER
|
|
COMMANDS IN THE PRESENCE OF SPARSE-CHECKOUTS, WILL LIKELY CHANGE IN
|
|
THE FUTURE.
|
|
|
|
|
|
COMMANDS
|
|
--------
|
|
'list'::
|
|
Describe the patterns in the sparse-checkout file.
|
|
|
|
'init'::
|
|
Enable the `core.sparseCheckout` setting. If the
|
|
sparse-checkout file does not exist, then populate it with
|
|
patterns that match every file in the root directory and
|
|
no other directories, then will remove all directories tracked
|
|
by Git. Add patterns to the sparse-checkout file to
|
|
repopulate the working directory.
|
|
+
|
|
To avoid interfering with other worktrees, it first enables the
|
|
`extensions.worktreeConfig` setting and makes sure to set the
|
|
`core.sparseCheckout` setting in the worktree-specific config file.
|
|
+
|
|
When `--cone` is provided, the `core.sparseCheckoutCone` setting is
|
|
also set, allowing for better performance with a limited set of
|
|
patterns (see 'CONE PATTERN SET' below).
|
|
+
|
|
Use the `--[no-]sparse-index` option to toggle the use of the sparse
|
|
index format. This reduces the size of the index to be more closely
|
|
aligned with your sparse-checkout definition. This can have significant
|
|
performance advantages for commands such as `git status` or `git add`.
|
|
This feature is still experimental. Some commands might be slower with
|
|
a sparse index until they are properly integrated with the feature.
|
|
+
|
|
**WARNING:** Using a sparse index requires modifying the index in a way
|
|
that is not completely understood by external tools. If you have trouble
|
|
with this compatibility, then run `git sparse-checkout init --no-sparse-index`
|
|
to rewrite your index to not be sparse. Older versions of Git will not
|
|
understand the sparse directory entries index extension and may fail to
|
|
interact with your repository until it is disabled.
|
|
|
|
'set'::
|
|
Write a set of patterns to the sparse-checkout file, as given as
|
|
a list of arguments following the 'set' subcommand. Update the
|
|
working directory to match the new patterns. Enable the
|
|
core.sparseCheckout config setting if it is not already enabled.
|
|
+
|
|
When the `--stdin` option is provided, the patterns are read from
|
|
standard in as a newline-delimited list instead of from the arguments.
|
|
+
|
|
When `core.sparseCheckoutCone` is enabled, the input list is considered a
|
|
list of directories instead of sparse-checkout patterns. The command writes
|
|
patterns to the sparse-checkout file to include all files contained in those
|
|
directories (recursively) as well as files that are siblings of ancestor
|
|
directories. The input format matches the output of `git ls-tree --name-only`.
|
|
This includes interpreting pathnames that begin with a double quote (") as
|
|
C-style quoted strings.
|
|
|
|
'add'::
|
|
Update the sparse-checkout file to include additional patterns.
|
|
By default, these patterns are read from the command-line arguments,
|
|
but they can be read from stdin using the `--stdin` option. When
|
|
`core.sparseCheckoutCone` is enabled, the given patterns are interpreted
|
|
as directory names as in the 'set' subcommand.
|
|
|
|
'reapply'::
|
|
Reapply the sparsity pattern rules to paths in the working tree.
|
|
Commands like merge or rebase can materialize paths to do their
|
|
work (e.g. in order to show you a conflict), and other
|
|
sparse-checkout commands might fail to sparsify an individual file
|
|
(e.g. because it has unstaged changes or conflicts). In such
|
|
cases, it can make sense to run `git sparse-checkout reapply` later
|
|
after cleaning up affected paths (e.g. resolving conflicts, undoing
|
|
or committing changes, etc.).
|
|
|
|
'disable'::
|
|
Disable the `core.sparseCheckout` config setting, and restore the
|
|
working directory to include all files. Leaves the sparse-checkout
|
|
file intact so a later 'git sparse-checkout init' command may
|
|
return the working directory to the same state.
|
|
|
|
SPARSE CHECKOUT
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
"Sparse checkout" allows populating the working directory sparsely.
|
|
It uses the skip-worktree bit (see linkgit:git-update-index[1]) to tell
|
|
Git whether a file in the working directory is worth looking at. If
|
|
the skip-worktree bit is set, then the file is ignored in the working
|
|
directory. Git will not populate the contents of those files, which
|
|
makes a sparse checkout helpful when working in a repository with many
|
|
files, but only a few are important to the current user.
|
|
|
|
The `$GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout` file is used to define the
|
|
skip-worktree reference bitmap. When Git updates the working
|
|
directory, it updates the skip-worktree bits in the index based
|
|
on this file. The files matching the patterns in the file will
|
|
appear in the working directory, and the rest will not.
|
|
|
|
To enable the sparse-checkout feature, run `git sparse-checkout init` to
|
|
initialize a simple sparse-checkout file and enable the `core.sparseCheckout`
|
|
config setting. Then, run `git sparse-checkout set` to modify the patterns in
|
|
the sparse-checkout file.
|
|
|
|
To repopulate the working directory with all files, use the
|
|
`git sparse-checkout disable` command.
|
|
|
|
|
|
FULL PATTERN SET
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
By default, the sparse-checkout file uses the same syntax as `.gitignore`
|
|
files.
|
|
|
|
While `$GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout` is usually used to specify what
|
|
files are included, you can also specify what files are _not_ included,
|
|
using negative patterns. For example, to remove the file `unwanted`:
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
/*
|
|
!unwanted
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONE PATTERN SET
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
The full pattern set allows for arbitrary pattern matches and complicated
|
|
inclusion/exclusion rules. These can result in O(N*M) pattern matches when
|
|
updating the index, where N is the number of patterns and M is the number
|
|
of paths in the index. To combat this performance issue, a more restricted
|
|
pattern set is allowed when `core.sparseCheckoutCone` is enabled.
|
|
|
|
The accepted patterns in the cone pattern set are:
|
|
|
|
1. *Recursive:* All paths inside a directory are included.
|
|
|
|
2. *Parent:* All files immediately inside a directory are included.
|
|
|
|
In addition to the above two patterns, we also expect that all files in the
|
|
root directory are included. If a recursive pattern is added, then all
|
|
leading directories are added as parent patterns.
|
|
|
|
By default, when running `git sparse-checkout init`, the root directory is
|
|
added as a parent pattern. At this point, the sparse-checkout file contains
|
|
the following patterns:
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
/*
|
|
!/*/
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
This says "include everything in root, but nothing two levels below root."
|
|
|
|
When in cone mode, the `git sparse-checkout set` subcommand takes a list of
|
|
directories instead of a list of sparse-checkout patterns. In this mode,
|
|
the command `git sparse-checkout set A/B/C` sets the directory `A/B/C` as
|
|
a recursive pattern, the directories `A` and `A/B` are added as parent
|
|
patterns. The resulting sparse-checkout file is now
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
/*
|
|
!/*/
|
|
/A/
|
|
!/A/*/
|
|
/A/B/
|
|
!/A/B/*/
|
|
/A/B/C/
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
Here, order matters, so the negative patterns are overridden by the positive
|
|
patterns that appear lower in the file.
|
|
|
|
If `core.sparseCheckoutCone=true`, then Git will parse the sparse-checkout file
|
|
expecting patterns of these types. Git will warn if the patterns do not match.
|
|
If the patterns do match the expected format, then Git will use faster hash-
|
|
based algorithms to compute inclusion in the sparse-checkout.
|
|
|
|
In the cone mode case, the `git sparse-checkout list` subcommand will list the
|
|
directories that define the recursive patterns. For the example sparse-checkout
|
|
file above, the output is as follows:
|
|
|
|
--------------------------
|
|
$ git sparse-checkout list
|
|
A/B/C
|
|
--------------------------
|
|
|
|
If `core.ignoreCase=true`, then the pattern-matching algorithm will use a
|
|
case-insensitive check. This corrects for case mismatched filenames in the
|
|
'git sparse-checkout set' command to reflect the expected cone in the working
|
|
directory.
|
|
|
|
When changing the sparse-checkout patterns in cone mode, Git will inspect each
|
|
tracked directory that is not within the sparse-checkout cone to see if it
|
|
contains any untracked files. If all of those files are ignored due to the
|
|
`.gitignore` patterns, then the directory will be deleted. If any of the
|
|
untracked files within that directory is not ignored, then no deletions will
|
|
occur within that directory and a warning message will appear. If these files
|
|
are important, then reset your sparse-checkout definition so they are included,
|
|
use `git add` and `git commit` to store them, then remove any remaining files
|
|
manually to ensure Git can behave optimally.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUBMODULES
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
If your repository contains one or more submodules, then submodules
|
|
are populated based on interactions with the `git submodule` command.
|
|
Specifically, `git submodule init -- <path>` will ensure the submodule
|
|
at `<path>` is present, while `git submodule deinit [-f] -- <path>`
|
|
will remove the files for the submodule at `<path>` (including any
|
|
untracked files, uncommitted changes, and unpushed history). Similar
|
|
to how sparse-checkout removes files from the working tree but still
|
|
leaves entries in the index, deinitialized submodules are removed from
|
|
the working directory but still have an entry in the index.
|
|
|
|
Since submodules may have unpushed changes or untracked files,
|
|
removing them could result in data loss. Thus, changing sparse
|
|
inclusion/exclusion rules will not cause an already checked out
|
|
submodule to be removed from the working copy. Said another way, just
|
|
as `checkout` will not cause submodules to be automatically removed or
|
|
initialized even when switching between branches that remove or add
|
|
submodules, using `sparse-checkout` to reduce or expand the scope of
|
|
"interesting" files will not cause submodules to be automatically
|
|
deinitialized or initialized either.
|
|
|
|
Further, the above facts mean that there are multiple reasons that
|
|
"tracked" files might not be present in the working copy: sparsity
|
|
pattern application from sparse-checkout, and submodule initialization
|
|
state. Thus, commands like `git grep` that work on tracked files in
|
|
the working copy may return results that are limited by either or both
|
|
of these restrictions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
linkgit:git-read-tree[1]
|
|
linkgit:gitignore[5]
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
---
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|