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c4584ae3fd
Packed delta files created by git-pack-objects seems to be the way to go, and existing "delta" object handling code has exposed the object representation details to too many places. Remove it while we refactor code to come up with a proper interface in sha1_file.c. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
306 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
306 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
git(7)
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======
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May 2005
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NAME
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----
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git - the stupid content tracker
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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'git-<command>' <args>
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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This is reference information for the core git commands.
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The Discussion section below contains much useful definition and
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clarification info - read that first. And of the commands, I suggest
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reading link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache] and
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link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree] first - I wish I had!
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David Greaves <david@dgreaves.com>
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08/05/05
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Updated by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> on 2005-05-05 to
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reflect recent changes.
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Commands Overview
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-----------------
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The git commands can helpfully be split into those that manipulate
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the repository, the cache and the working fileset and those that
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interrogate and compare them.
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There are also some ancilliary programs that can be viewed as useful
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aids for using the core commands but which are unlikely to be used by
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SCMs layered over git.
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Manipulation commands
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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link:git-checkout-cache.html[git-checkout-cache]::
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Copy files from the cache to the working directory
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link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]::
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Creates a new commit object
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link:git-init-db.html[git-init-db]::
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Creates an empty git object database
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link:git-merge-base.html[git-merge-base]::
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Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge
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link:git-mktag.html[git-mktag]::
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Creates a tag object
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link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree]::
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Reads tree information into the directory cache
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link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache]::
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Modifies the index or directory cache
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link:git-write-blob.html[git-write-blob]::
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Creates a blob from a file
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link:git-write-tree.html[git-write-tree]::
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Creates a tree from the current cache
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Interrogation commands
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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link:git-cat-file.html[git-cat-file]::
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Provide content or type information for repository objects
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link:git-check-files.html[git-check-files]::
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Verify a list of files are up-to-date
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link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache]::
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Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository
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link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files]::
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Compares files in the working tree and the cache
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link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]::
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Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
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link:git-export.html[git-export]::
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Exports each commit and a diff against each of its parents
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link:git-fsck-cache.html[git-fsck-cache]::
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Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database
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link:git-ls-files.html[git-ls-files]::
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Information about files in the cache/working directory
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link:git-ls-tree.html[git-ls-tree]::
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Displays a tree object in human readable form
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link:git-merge-cache.html[git-merge-cache]::
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Runs a merge for files needing merging
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link:git-rev-list.html[git-rev-list]::
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Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
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link:git-rev-tree.html[git-rev-tree]::
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Provides the revision tree for one or more commits
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link:git-tar-tree.html[git-tar-tree]::
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Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree
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link:git-unpack-file.html[git-unpack-file]::
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Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents
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The interrogate commands may create files - and you can force them to
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touch the working file set - but in general they don't
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Ancilliary Commands
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-------------------
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Manipulators:
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link:git-apply-patch-script.html[git-apply-patch-script]::
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Sample script to apply the diffs from git-diff-*
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link:git-convert-cache.html[git-convert-cache]::
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Converts old-style GIT repository
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link:git-http-pull.html[git-http-pull]::
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Downloads a remote GIT repository via HTTP
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link:git-local-pull.html[git-local-pull]::
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Duplicates another GIT repository on a local system
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link:git-merge-one-file-script.html[git-merge-one-file-script]::
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The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-cache"
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link:git-pull-script.html[git-pull-script]::
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Script used by Linus to pull and merge a remote repository
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link:git-prune-script.html[git-prune-script]::
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Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database
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link:git-resolve-script.html[git-resolve-script]::
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Script used to merge two trees
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link:git-tag-script.html[git-tag-script]::
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An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG
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link:git-ssh-pull.html[git-ssh-pull]::
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Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
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Interogators:
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link:git-diff-helper.html[git-diff-helper]::
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Generates patch format output for git-diff-*
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link:git-ssh-push.html[git-ssh-push]::
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Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull
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Identifier Terminology
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----------------------
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<object>::
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Indicates the sha1 identifier for any type of object
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<blob>::
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Indicates a blob object sha1 identifier
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<tree>::
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Indicates a tree object sha1 identifier
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<commit>::
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Indicates a commit object sha1 identifier
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<tree-ish>::
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Indicates a tree, commit or tag object sha1 identifier. A
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command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
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operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
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<commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
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<type>::
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Indicates that an object type is required.
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Currently one of: blob/tree/commit/tag
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<file>::
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Indicates a filename - always relative to the root of
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the tree structure GIT_INDEX_FILE describes.
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Symbolic Identifiers
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--------------------
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Any git comand accepting any <object> can also use the following
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symbolic notation:
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HEAD::
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indicates the head of the repository (ie the contents of
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`$GIT_DIR/HEAD`)
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<tag>::
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a valid tag 'name'+
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(ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`)
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<head>::
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a valid head 'name'+
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(ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`)
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<snap>::
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a valid snapshot 'name'+
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(ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/snap/<snap>`)
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File/Directory Structure
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------------------------
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The git-core manipulates the following areas in the directory:
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.git/ The base (overridden with $GIT_DIR)
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objects/ The object base (overridden with $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY)
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??/ 'First 2 chars of object' directories
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It can interrogate (but never updates) the following areas:
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refs/ Directories containing symbolic names for objects
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(each file contains the hex SHA1 + newline)
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heads/ Commits which are heads of various sorts
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tags/ Tags, by the tag name (or some local renaming of it)
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snap/ ????
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... Everything else isn't shared
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HEAD Symlink to refs/heads/<something>
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Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
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GIT_DIR.
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Terminology
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-----------
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Each line contains terms which you may see used interchangeably
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object database, .git directory
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directory cache, index
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id, sha1, sha1-id, sha1 hash
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type, tag
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Environment Variables
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---------------------
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Various git commands use the following environment variables:
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The git Repository
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
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is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
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git so take care if using Cogito etc
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'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
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This environment allows the specification of an alternate
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cache/index file. If not specified, the default of
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`$GIT_DIR/index` is used.
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'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
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If the object storage directory is specified via this
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environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
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underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
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directory is used.
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'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
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Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
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archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
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specifies a ":" seperated list of git object directories which
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can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
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written to these directories.
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'GIT_DIR'::
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If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it specifies
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a path to use instead of `./.git` for the base of the
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repository.
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git Commits
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
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'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
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'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
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'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
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'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
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see link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]
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git Diffs
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~~~~~~~~~
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'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
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'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
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see the "generating patches" section in :
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link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache];
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link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files];
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link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]
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Discussion
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----------
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include::../README[]
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Author
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------
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Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
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Documentation
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--------------
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Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
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GIT
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---
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Part of the link:git.html[git] suite
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