1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/git/git.git synced 2024-05-10 07:16:09 +02:00
git/shallow.c
Jeff King 076aa2cbda tempfile: auto-allocate tempfiles on heap
The previous commit taught the tempfile code to give up
ownership over tempfiles that have been renamed or deleted.
That makes it possible to use a stack variable like this:

  struct tempfile t;

  create_tempfile(&t, ...);
  ...
  if (!err)
          rename_tempfile(&t, ...);
  else
          delete_tempfile(&t);

But doing it this way has a high potential for creating
memory errors. The tempfile we pass to create_tempfile()
ends up on a global linked list, and it's not safe for it to
go out of scope until we've called one of those two
deactivation functions.

Imagine that we add an early return from the function that
forgets to call delete_tempfile(). With a static or heap
tempfile variable, the worst case is that the tempfile hangs
around until the program exits (and some functions like
setup_shallow_temporary rely on this intentionally, creating
a tempfile and then leaving it for later cleanup).

But with a stack variable as above, this is a serious memory
error: the variable goes out of scope and may be filled with
garbage by the time the tempfile code looks at it.  Let's
see if we can make it harder to get this wrong.

Since many callers need to allocate arbitrary numbers of
tempfiles, we can't rely on static storage as a general
solution. So we need to turn to the heap. We could just ask
all callers to pass us a heap variable, but that puts the
burden on them to call free() at the right time.

Instead, let's have the tempfile code handle the heap
allocation _and_ the deallocation (when the tempfile is
deactivated and removed from the list).

This changes the return value of all of the creation
functions. For the cleanup functions (delete and rename),
we'll add one extra bit of safety: instead of taking a
tempfile pointer, we'll take a pointer-to-pointer and set it
to NULL after freeing the object. This makes it safe to
double-call functions like delete_tempfile(), as the second
call treats the NULL input as a noop. Several callsites
follow this pattern.

The resulting patch does have a fair bit of noise, as each
caller needs to be converted to handle:

  1. Storing a pointer instead of the struct itself.

  2. Passing the pointer instead of taking the struct
     address.

  3. Handling a "struct tempfile *" return instead of a file
     descriptor.

We could play games to make this less noisy. For example, by
defining the tempfile like this:

  struct tempfile {
	struct heap_allocated_part_of_tempfile {
                int fd;
                ...etc
        } *actual_data;
  }

Callers would continue to have a "struct tempfile", and it
would be "active" only when the inner pointer was non-NULL.
But that just makes things more awkward in the long run.
There aren't that many callers, so we can simply bite
the bullet and adjust all of them. And the compiler makes it
easy for us to find them all.

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-09-06 17:19:54 +09:00

746 lines
19 KiB
C

#include "cache.h"
#include "tempfile.h"
#include "lockfile.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "tag.h"
#include "pkt-line.h"
#include "remote.h"
#include "refs.h"
#include "sha1-array.h"
#include "diff.h"
#include "revision.h"
#include "commit-slab.h"
#include "revision.h"
#include "list-objects.h"
static int is_shallow = -1;
static struct stat_validity shallow_stat;
static char *alternate_shallow_file;
void set_alternate_shallow_file(const char *path, int override)
{
if (is_shallow != -1)
die("BUG: is_repository_shallow must not be called before set_alternate_shallow_file");
if (alternate_shallow_file && !override)
return;
free(alternate_shallow_file);
alternate_shallow_file = xstrdup_or_null(path);
}
int register_shallow(const struct object_id *oid)
{
struct commit_graft *graft =
xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_graft));
struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(oid);
oidcpy(&graft->oid, oid);
graft->nr_parent = -1;
if (commit && commit->object.parsed)
commit->parents = NULL;
return register_commit_graft(graft, 0);
}
int is_repository_shallow(void)
{
FILE *fp;
char buf[1024];
const char *path = alternate_shallow_file;
if (is_shallow >= 0)
return is_shallow;
if (!path)
path = git_path_shallow();
/*
* fetch-pack sets '--shallow-file ""' as an indicator that no
* shallow file should be used. We could just open it and it
* will likely fail. But let's do an explicit check instead.
*/
if (!*path || (fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL) {
stat_validity_clear(&shallow_stat);
is_shallow = 0;
return is_shallow;
}
stat_validity_update(&shallow_stat, fileno(fp));
is_shallow = 1;
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
struct object_id oid;
if (get_oid_hex(buf, &oid))
die("bad shallow line: %s", buf);
register_shallow(&oid);
}
fclose(fp);
return is_shallow;
}
struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
int shallow_flag, int not_shallow_flag)
{
int i = 0, cur_depth = 0;
struct commit_list *result = NULL;
struct object_array stack = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
struct commit *commit = NULL;
struct commit_graft *graft;
while (commit || i < heads->nr || stack.nr) {
struct commit_list *p;
if (!commit) {
if (i < heads->nr) {
commit = (struct commit *)
deref_tag(heads->objects[i++].item, NULL, 0);
if (!commit || commit->object.type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
commit = NULL;
continue;
}
if (!commit->util)
commit->util = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
*(int *)commit->util = 0;
cur_depth = 0;
} else {
commit = (struct commit *)
stack.objects[--stack.nr].item;
cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
}
}
parse_commit_or_die(commit);
cur_depth++;
if ((depth != INFINITE_DEPTH && cur_depth >= depth) ||
(is_repository_shallow() && !commit->parents &&
(graft = lookup_commit_graft(&commit->object.oid)) != NULL &&
graft->nr_parent < 0)) {
commit_list_insert(commit, &result);
commit->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
commit = NULL;
continue;
}
commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
for (p = commit->parents, commit = NULL; p; p = p->next) {
if (!p->item->util) {
int *pointer = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
p->item->util = pointer;
*pointer = cur_depth;
} else {
int *pointer = p->item->util;
if (cur_depth >= *pointer)
continue;
*pointer = cur_depth;
}
if (p->next)
add_object_array(&p->item->object,
NULL, &stack);
else {
commit = p->item;
cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
}
}
}
return result;
}
static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
{
commit_list_insert(commit, data);
}
/*
* Given rev-list arguments, run rev-list. All reachable commits
* except border ones are marked with not_shallow_flag. Border commits
* are marked with shallow_flag. The list of border/shallow commits
* are also returned.
*/
struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits_by_rev_list(int ac, const char **av,
int shallow_flag,
int not_shallow_flag)
{
struct commit_list *result = NULL, *p;
struct commit_list *not_shallow_list = NULL;
struct rev_info revs;
int both_flags = shallow_flag | not_shallow_flag;
/*
* SHALLOW (excluded) and NOT_SHALLOW (included) should not be
* set at this point. But better be safe than sorry.
*/
clear_object_flags(both_flags);
is_repository_shallow(); /* make sure shallows are read */
init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
save_commit_buffer = 0;
setup_revisions(ac, av, &revs, NULL);
if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
die("revision walk setup failed");
traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, NULL, &not_shallow_list);
/* Mark all reachable commits as NOT_SHALLOW */
for (p = not_shallow_list; p; p = p->next)
p->item->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
/*
* mark border commits SHALLOW + NOT_SHALLOW.
* We cannot clear NOT_SHALLOW right now. Imagine border
* commit A is processed first, then commit B, whose parent is
* A, later. If NOT_SHALLOW on A is cleared at step 1, B
* itself is considered border at step 2, which is incorrect.
*/
for (p = not_shallow_list; p; p = p->next) {
struct commit *c = p->item;
struct commit_list *parent;
if (parse_commit(c))
die("unable to parse commit %s",
oid_to_hex(&c->object.oid));
for (parent = c->parents; parent; parent = parent->next)
if (!(parent->item->object.flags & not_shallow_flag)) {
c->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
commit_list_insert(c, &result);
break;
}
}
free_commit_list(not_shallow_list);
/*
* Now we can clean up NOT_SHALLOW on border commits. Having
* both flags set can confuse the caller.
*/
for (p = result; p; p = p->next) {
struct object *o = &p->item->object;
if ((o->flags & both_flags) == both_flags)
o->flags &= ~not_shallow_flag;
}
return result;
}
static void check_shallow_file_for_update(void)
{
if (is_shallow == -1)
die("BUG: shallow must be initialized by now");
if (!stat_validity_check(&shallow_stat, git_path_shallow()))
die("shallow file has changed since we read it");
}
#define SEEN_ONLY 1
#define VERBOSE 2
struct write_shallow_data {
struct strbuf *out;
int use_pack_protocol;
int count;
unsigned flags;
};
static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
{
struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
const char *hex = oid_to_hex(&graft->oid);
if (graft->nr_parent != -1)
return 0;
if (data->flags & SEEN_ONLY) {
struct commit *c = lookup_commit(&graft->oid);
if (!c || !(c->object.flags & SEEN)) {
if (data->flags & VERBOSE)
printf("Removing %s from .git/shallow\n",
oid_to_hex(&c->object.oid));
return 0;
}
}
data->count++;
if (data->use_pack_protocol)
packet_buf_write(data->out, "shallow %s", hex);
else {
strbuf_addstr(data->out, hex);
strbuf_addch(data->out, '\n');
}
return 0;
}
static int write_shallow_commits_1(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol,
const struct oid_array *extra,
unsigned flags)
{
struct write_shallow_data data;
int i;
data.out = out;
data.use_pack_protocol = use_pack_protocol;
data.count = 0;
data.flags = flags;
for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, &data);
if (!extra)
return data.count;
for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++) {
strbuf_addstr(out, oid_to_hex(extra->oid + i));
strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
data.count++;
}
return data.count;
}
int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol,
const struct oid_array *extra)
{
return write_shallow_commits_1(out, use_pack_protocol, extra, 0);
}
const char *setup_temporary_shallow(const struct oid_array *extra)
{
struct tempfile *temp;
struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
if (write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0, extra)) {
temp = xmks_tempfile(git_path("shallow_XXXXXX"));
if (write_in_full(temp->fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len ||
close_tempfile_gently(temp) < 0)
die_errno("failed to write to %s",
get_tempfile_path(temp));
strbuf_release(&sb);
return get_tempfile_path(temp);
}
/*
* is_repository_shallow() sees empty string as "no shallow
* file".
*/
return "";
}
void setup_alternate_shallow(struct lock_file *shallow_lock,
const char **alternate_shallow_file,
const struct oid_array *extra)
{
struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
int fd;
fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(shallow_lock, git_path_shallow(),
LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
check_shallow_file_for_update();
if (write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0, extra)) {
if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
die_errno("failed to write to %s",
get_lock_file_path(shallow_lock));
*alternate_shallow_file = get_lock_file_path(shallow_lock);
} else
/*
* is_repository_shallow() sees empty string as "no
* shallow file".
*/
*alternate_shallow_file = "";
strbuf_release(&sb);
}
static int advertise_shallow_grafts_cb(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb)
{
int fd = *(int *)cb;
if (graft->nr_parent == -1)
packet_write_fmt(fd, "shallow %s\n", oid_to_hex(&graft->oid));
return 0;
}
void advertise_shallow_grafts(int fd)
{
if (!is_repository_shallow())
return;
for_each_commit_graft(advertise_shallow_grafts_cb, &fd);
}
/*
* mark_reachable_objects() should have been run prior to this and all
* reachable commits marked as "SEEN".
*/
void prune_shallow(int show_only)
{
static struct lock_file shallow_lock;
struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
int fd;
if (show_only) {
write_shallow_commits_1(&sb, 0, NULL, SEEN_ONLY | VERBOSE);
strbuf_release(&sb);
return;
}
fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&shallow_lock, git_path_shallow(),
LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
check_shallow_file_for_update();
if (write_shallow_commits_1(&sb, 0, NULL, SEEN_ONLY)) {
if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
die_errno("failed to write to %s",
get_lock_file_path(&shallow_lock));
commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
} else {
unlink(git_path_shallow());
rollback_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
}
strbuf_release(&sb);
}
struct trace_key trace_shallow = TRACE_KEY_INIT(SHALLOW);
/*
* Step 1, split sender shallow commits into "ours" and "theirs"
* Step 2, clean "ours" based on .git/shallow
*/
void prepare_shallow_info(struct shallow_info *info, struct oid_array *sa)
{
int i;
trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: prepare_shallow_info\n");
memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info));
info->shallow = sa;
if (!sa)
return;
ALLOC_ARRAY(info->ours, sa->nr);
ALLOC_ARRAY(info->theirs, sa->nr);
for (i = 0; i < sa->nr; i++) {
if (has_object_file(sa->oid + i)) {
struct commit_graft *graft;
graft = lookup_commit_graft(&sa->oid[i]);
if (graft && graft->nr_parent < 0)
continue;
info->ours[info->nr_ours++] = i;
} else
info->theirs[info->nr_theirs++] = i;
}
}
void clear_shallow_info(struct shallow_info *info)
{
free(info->ours);
free(info->theirs);
}
/* Step 4, remove non-existent ones in "theirs" after getting the pack */
void remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow(struct shallow_info *info)
{
struct object_id *oid = info->shallow->oid;
int i, dst;
trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow\n");
for (i = dst = 0; i < info->nr_theirs; i++) {
if (i != dst)
info->theirs[dst] = info->theirs[i];
if (has_object_file(oid + info->theirs[i]))
dst++;
}
info->nr_theirs = dst;
}
define_commit_slab(ref_bitmap, uint32_t *);
#define POOL_SIZE (512 * 1024)
struct paint_info {
struct ref_bitmap ref_bitmap;
unsigned nr_bits;
char **pools;
char *free, *end;
unsigned pool_count;
};
static uint32_t *paint_alloc(struct paint_info *info)
{
unsigned nr = DIV_ROUND_UP(info->nr_bits, 32);
unsigned size = nr * sizeof(uint32_t);
void *p;
if (!info->pool_count || size > info->end - info->free) {
if (size > POOL_SIZE)
die("BUG: pool size too small for %d in paint_alloc()",
size);
info->pool_count++;
REALLOC_ARRAY(info->pools, info->pool_count);
info->free = xmalloc(POOL_SIZE);
info->pools[info->pool_count - 1] = info->free;
info->end = info->free + POOL_SIZE;
}
p = info->free;
info->free += size;
return p;
}
/*
* Given a commit SHA-1, walk down to parents until either SEEN,
* UNINTERESTING or BOTTOM is hit. Set the id-th bit in ref_bitmap for
* all walked commits.
*/
static void paint_down(struct paint_info *info, const struct object_id *oid,
unsigned int id)
{
unsigned int i, nr;
struct commit_list *head = NULL;
int bitmap_nr = DIV_ROUND_UP(info->nr_bits, 32);
size_t bitmap_size = st_mult(sizeof(uint32_t), bitmap_nr);
struct commit *c = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid, 1);
uint32_t *tmp; /* to be freed before return */
uint32_t *bitmap;
if (!c)
return;
tmp = xmalloc(bitmap_size);
bitmap = paint_alloc(info);
memset(bitmap, 0, bitmap_size);
bitmap[id / 32] |= (1U << (id % 32));
commit_list_insert(c, &head);
while (head) {
struct commit_list *p;
struct commit *c = pop_commit(&head);
uint32_t **refs = ref_bitmap_at(&info->ref_bitmap, c);
/* XXX check "UNINTERESTING" from pack bitmaps if available */
if (c->object.flags & (SEEN | UNINTERESTING))
continue;
else
c->object.flags |= SEEN;
if (*refs == NULL)
*refs = bitmap;
else {
memcpy(tmp, *refs, bitmap_size);
for (i = 0; i < bitmap_nr; i++)
tmp[i] |= bitmap[i];
if (memcmp(tmp, *refs, bitmap_size)) {
*refs = paint_alloc(info);
memcpy(*refs, tmp, bitmap_size);
}
}
if (c->object.flags & BOTTOM)
continue;
if (parse_commit(c))
die("unable to parse commit %s",
oid_to_hex(&c->object.oid));
for (p = c->parents; p; p = p->next) {
if (p->item->object.flags & SEEN)
continue;
commit_list_insert(p->item, &head);
}
}
nr = get_max_object_index();
for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
struct object *o = get_indexed_object(i);
if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
o->flags &= ~SEEN;
}
free(tmp);
}
static int mark_uninteresting(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
int flags, void *cb_data)
{
struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid, 1);
if (!commit)
return 0;
commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
return 0;
}
static void post_assign_shallow(struct shallow_info *info,
struct ref_bitmap *ref_bitmap,
int *ref_status);
/*
* Step 6(+7), associate shallow commits with new refs
*
* info->ref must be initialized before calling this function.
*
* If used is not NULL, it's an array of info->shallow->nr
* bitmaps. The n-th bit set in the m-th bitmap if ref[n] needs the
* m-th shallow commit from info->shallow.
*
* If used is NULL, "ours" and "theirs" are updated. And if ref_status
* is not NULL it's an array of ref->nr ints. ref_status[i] is true if
* the ref needs some shallow commits from either info->ours or
* info->theirs.
*/
void assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(struct shallow_info *info,
uint32_t **used, int *ref_status)
{
struct object_id *oid = info->shallow->oid;
struct oid_array *ref = info->ref;
unsigned int i, nr;
int *shallow, nr_shallow = 0;
struct paint_info pi;
trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: assign_shallow_commits_to_refs\n");
ALLOC_ARRAY(shallow, info->nr_ours + info->nr_theirs);
for (i = 0; i < info->nr_ours; i++)
shallow[nr_shallow++] = info->ours[i];
for (i = 0; i < info->nr_theirs; i++)
shallow[nr_shallow++] = info->theirs[i];
/*
* Prepare the commit graph to track what refs can reach what
* (new) shallow commits.
*/
nr = get_max_object_index();
for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
struct object *o = get_indexed_object(i);
if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
continue;
o->flags &= ~(UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM | SEEN);
}
memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
init_ref_bitmap(&pi.ref_bitmap);
pi.nr_bits = ref->nr;
/*
* "--not --all" to cut short the traversal if new refs
* connect to old refs. If not (e.g. force ref updates) it'll
* have to go down to the current shallow commits.
*/
head_ref(mark_uninteresting, NULL);
for_each_ref(mark_uninteresting, NULL);
/* Mark potential bottoms so we won't go out of bound */
for (i = 0; i < nr_shallow; i++) {
struct commit *c = lookup_commit(&oid[shallow[i]]);
c->object.flags |= BOTTOM;
}
for (i = 0; i < ref->nr; i++)
paint_down(&pi, ref->oid + i, i);
if (used) {
int bitmap_size = DIV_ROUND_UP(pi.nr_bits, 32) * sizeof(uint32_t);
memset(used, 0, sizeof(*used) * info->shallow->nr);
for (i = 0; i < nr_shallow; i++) {
const struct commit *c = lookup_commit(&oid[shallow[i]]);
uint32_t **map = ref_bitmap_at(&pi.ref_bitmap, c);
if (*map)
used[shallow[i]] = xmemdupz(*map, bitmap_size);
}
/*
* unreachable shallow commits are not removed from
* "ours" and "theirs". The user is supposed to run
* step 7 on every ref separately and not trust "ours"
* and "theirs" any more.
*/
} else
post_assign_shallow(info, &pi.ref_bitmap, ref_status);
clear_ref_bitmap(&pi.ref_bitmap);
for (i = 0; i < pi.pool_count; i++)
free(pi.pools[i]);
free(pi.pools);
free(shallow);
}
struct commit_array {
struct commit **commits;
int nr, alloc;
};
static int add_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
int flags, void *cb_data)
{
struct commit_array *ca = cb_data;
ALLOC_GROW(ca->commits, ca->nr + 1, ca->alloc);
ca->commits[ca->nr] = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid, 1);
if (ca->commits[ca->nr])
ca->nr++;
return 0;
}
static void update_refstatus(int *ref_status, int nr, uint32_t *bitmap)
{
unsigned int i;
if (!ref_status)
return;
for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
if (bitmap[i / 32] & (1U << (i % 32)))
ref_status[i]++;
}
/*
* Step 7, reachability test on "ours" at commit level
*/
static void post_assign_shallow(struct shallow_info *info,
struct ref_bitmap *ref_bitmap,
int *ref_status)
{
struct object_id *oid = info->shallow->oid;
struct commit *c;
uint32_t **bitmap;
int dst, i, j;
int bitmap_nr = DIV_ROUND_UP(info->ref->nr, 32);
struct commit_array ca;
trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: post_assign_shallow\n");
if (ref_status)
memset(ref_status, 0, sizeof(*ref_status) * info->ref->nr);
/* Remove unreachable shallow commits from "theirs" */
for (i = dst = 0; i < info->nr_theirs; i++) {
if (i != dst)
info->theirs[dst] = info->theirs[i];
c = lookup_commit(&oid[info->theirs[i]]);
bitmap = ref_bitmap_at(ref_bitmap, c);
if (!*bitmap)
continue;
for (j = 0; j < bitmap_nr; j++)
if (bitmap[0][j]) {
update_refstatus(ref_status, info->ref->nr, *bitmap);
dst++;
break;
}
}
info->nr_theirs = dst;
memset(&ca, 0, sizeof(ca));
head_ref(add_ref, &ca);
for_each_ref(add_ref, &ca);
/* Remove unreachable shallow commits from "ours" */
for (i = dst = 0; i < info->nr_ours; i++) {
if (i != dst)
info->ours[dst] = info->ours[i];
c = lookup_commit(&oid[info->ours[i]]);
bitmap = ref_bitmap_at(ref_bitmap, c);
if (!*bitmap)
continue;
for (j = 0; j < bitmap_nr; j++)
if (bitmap[0][j] &&
/* Step 7, reachability test at commit level */
!in_merge_bases_many(c, ca.nr, ca.commits)) {
update_refstatus(ref_status, info->ref->nr, *bitmap);
dst++;
break;
}
}
info->nr_ours = dst;
free(ca.commits);
}
/* (Delayed) step 7, reachability test at commit level */
int delayed_reachability_test(struct shallow_info *si, int c)
{
if (si->need_reachability_test[c]) {
struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(&si->shallow->oid[c]);
if (!si->commits) {
struct commit_array ca;
memset(&ca, 0, sizeof(ca));
head_ref(add_ref, &ca);
for_each_ref(add_ref, &ca);
si->commits = ca.commits;
si->nr_commits = ca.nr;
}
si->reachable[c] = in_merge_bases_many(commit,
si->nr_commits,
si->commits);
si->need_reachability_test[c] = 0;
}
return si->reachable[c];
}