diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
index c89d530d3d..7e27841a95 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ endif::git-diff[]
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 ifdef::git-log[]
---diff-merges=(off|none|on|first-parent|1|separate|m|combined|c|dense-combined|cc)::
+--diff-merges=(off|none|on|first-parent|1|separate|m|combined|c|dense-combined|cc|remerge|r)::
 --no-diff-merges::
 	Specify diff format to be used for merge commits. Default is
 	{diff-merges-default} unless `--first-parent` is in use, in which case
@@ -64,6 +64,18 @@ ifdef::git-log[]
 	each of the parents. Separate log entry and diff is generated
 	for each parent.
 +
+--diff-merges=remerge:::
+--diff-merges=r:::
+--remerge-diff:::
+	With this option, two-parent merge commits are remerged to
+	create a temporary tree object -- potentially containing files
+	with conflict markers and such.  A diff is then shown between
+	that temporary tree and the actual merge commit.
++
+The output emitted when this option is used is subject to change, and
+so is its interaction with other options (unless explicitly
+documented).
++
 --diff-merges=combined:::
 --diff-merges=c:::
 -c:::
diff --git a/apply.c b/apply.c
index f66d48ba2f..0912307bd9 100644
--- a/apply.c
+++ b/apply.c
@@ -3494,7 +3494,7 @@ static int three_way_merge(struct apply_state *state,
 {
 	mmfile_t base_file, our_file, their_file;
 	mmbuffer_t result = { NULL };
-	int status;
+	enum ll_merge_result status;
 
 	/* resolve trivial cases first */
 	if (oideq(base, ours))
@@ -3511,6 +3511,9 @@ static int three_way_merge(struct apply_state *state,
 			  &their_file, "theirs",
 			  state->repo->index,
 			  NULL);
+	if (status == LL_MERGE_BINARY_CONFLICT)
+		warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)",
+			path, "ours", "theirs");
 	free(base_file.ptr);
 	free(our_file.ptr);
 	free(their_file.ptr);
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index 8f010412a9..f6e65fedfa 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -246,6 +246,7 @@ static int checkout_merged(int pos, const struct checkout *state,
 	struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 	const char *path = ce->name;
 	mmfile_t ancestor, ours, theirs;
+	enum ll_merge_result merge_status;
 	int status;
 	struct object_id oid;
 	mmbuffer_t result_buf;
@@ -276,13 +277,16 @@ static int checkout_merged(int pos, const struct checkout *state,
 	memset(&ll_opts, 0, sizeof(ll_opts));
 	git_config_get_bool("merge.renormalize", &renormalize);
 	ll_opts.renormalize = renormalize;
-	status = ll_merge(&result_buf, path, &ancestor, "base",
-			  &ours, "ours", &theirs, "theirs",
-			  state->istate, &ll_opts);
+	merge_status = ll_merge(&result_buf, path, &ancestor, "base",
+				&ours, "ours", &theirs, "theirs",
+				state->istate, &ll_opts);
 	free(ancestor.ptr);
 	free(ours.ptr);
 	free(theirs.ptr);
-	if (status < 0 || !result_buf.ptr) {
+	if (merge_status == LL_MERGE_BINARY_CONFLICT)
+		warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)",
+			path, "ours", "theirs");
+	if (merge_status < 0 || !result_buf.ptr) {
 		free(result_buf.ptr);
 		return error(_("path '%s': cannot merge"), path);
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/log.c b/builtin/log.c
index 4b493408cc..093d0d2655 100644
--- a/builtin/log.c
+++ b/builtin/log.c
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "repository.h"
 #include "commit-reach.h"
 #include "range-diff.h"
+#include "tmp-objdir.h"
 
 #define MAIL_DEFAULT_WRAP 72
 #define COVER_FROM_AUTO_MAX_SUBJECT_LEN 100
@@ -422,6 +423,13 @@ static int cmd_log_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
 	int saved_nrl = 0;
 	int saved_dcctc = 0;
 
+	if (rev->remerge_diff) {
+		rev->remerge_objdir = tmp_objdir_create("remerge-diff");
+		if (!rev->remerge_objdir)
+			die(_("unable to create temporary object directory"));
+		tmp_objdir_replace_primary_odb(rev->remerge_objdir, 1);
+	}
+
 	if (rev->early_output)
 		setup_early_output();
 
@@ -464,6 +472,11 @@ static int cmd_log_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
 	rev->diffopt.no_free = 0;
 	diff_free(&rev->diffopt);
 
+	if (rev->remerge_diff) {
+		tmp_objdir_destroy(rev->remerge_objdir);
+		rev->remerge_objdir = NULL;
+	}
+
 	if (rev->diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF &&
 	    rev->diffopt.flags.check_failed) {
 		return 02;
@@ -1958,6 +1971,8 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		die(_("--name-status does not make sense"));
 	if (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF)
 		die(_("--check does not make sense"));
+	if (rev.remerge_diff)
+		die(_("--remerge-diff does not make sense"));
 
 	if (!use_patch_format &&
 		(!rev.diffopt.output_format ||
diff --git a/diff-merges.c b/diff-merges.c
index 5060ccd890..a833fd747a 100644
--- a/diff-merges.c
+++ b/diff-merges.c
@@ -17,12 +17,14 @@ static void suppress(struct rev_info *revs)
 	revs->combined_all_paths = 0;
 	revs->merges_imply_patch = 0;
 	revs->merges_need_diff = 0;
+	revs->remerge_diff = 0;
 }
 
 static void set_separate(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	suppress(revs);
 	revs->separate_merges = 1;
+	revs->simplify_history = 0;
 }
 
 static void set_first_parent(struct rev_info *revs)
@@ -45,6 +47,13 @@ static void set_dense_combined(struct rev_info *revs)
 	revs->dense_combined_merges = 1;
 }
 
+static void set_remerge_diff(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	suppress(revs);
+	revs->remerge_diff = 1;
+	revs->simplify_history = 0;
+}
+
 static diff_merges_setup_func_t func_by_opt(const char *optarg)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(optarg, "off") || !strcmp(optarg, "none"))
@@ -57,6 +66,8 @@ static diff_merges_setup_func_t func_by_opt(const char *optarg)
 		return set_combined;
 	else if (!strcmp(optarg, "cc") || !strcmp(optarg, "dense-combined"))
 		return set_dense_combined;
+	else if (!strcmp(optarg, "r") || !strcmp(optarg, "remerge"))
+		return set_remerge_diff;
 	else if (!strcmp(optarg, "m") || !strcmp(optarg, "on"))
 		return set_to_default;
 	return NULL;
@@ -110,6 +121,9 @@ int diff_merges_parse_opts(struct rev_info *revs, const char **argv)
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--cc")) {
 		set_dense_combined(revs);
 		revs->merges_imply_patch = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--remerge-diff")) {
+		set_remerge_diff(revs);
+		revs->merges_imply_patch = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-diff-merges")) {
 		suppress(revs);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--combined-all-paths")) {
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index c862771a58..32f0c01236 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "help.h"
 #include "promisor-remote.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "strmap.h"
 
 #ifdef NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY
 #define FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY 0
@@ -3353,6 +3354,31 @@ struct userdiff_driver *get_textconv(struct repository *r,
 	return userdiff_get_textconv(r, one->driver);
 }
 
+static struct strbuf *additional_headers(struct diff_options *o,
+					 const char *path)
+{
+	if (!o->additional_path_headers)
+		return NULL;
+	return strmap_get(o->additional_path_headers, path);
+}
+
+static void add_formatted_headers(struct strbuf *msg,
+				  struct strbuf *more_headers,
+				  const char *line_prefix,
+				  const char *meta,
+				  const char *reset)
+{
+	char *next, *newline;
+
+	for (next = more_headers->buf; *next; next = newline) {
+		newline = strchrnul(next, '\n');
+		strbuf_addf(msg, "%s%s%.*s%s\n", line_prefix, meta,
+			    (int)(newline - next), next, reset);
+		if (*newline)
+			newline++;
+	}
+}
+
 static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 			 const char *name_b,
 			 struct diff_filespec *one,
@@ -3411,6 +3437,17 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 	b_two = quote_two(b_prefix, name_b + (*name_b == '/'));
 	lbl[0] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) ? a_one : "/dev/null";
 	lbl[1] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(two) ? b_two : "/dev/null";
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) && !DIFF_FILE_VALID(two)) {
+		/*
+		 * We should only reach this point for pairs from
+		 * create_filepairs_for_header_only_notifications().  For
+		 * these, we should avoid the "/dev/null" special casing
+		 * above, meaning we avoid showing such pairs as either
+		 * "new file" or "deleted file" below.
+		 */
+		lbl[0] = a_one;
+		lbl[1] = b_two;
+	}
 	strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", line_prefix, meta, a_one, b_two, reset);
 	if (lbl[0][0] == '/') {
 		/* /dev/null */
@@ -4275,6 +4312,7 @@ static void fill_metainfo(struct strbuf *msg,
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_METAINFO);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_RESET);
 	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
+	struct strbuf *more_headers = NULL;
 
 	*must_show_header = 1;
 	strbuf_init(msg, PATH_MAX * 2 + 300);
@@ -4311,6 +4349,11 @@ static void fill_metainfo(struct strbuf *msg,
 	default:
 		*must_show_header = 0;
 	}
+	if ((more_headers = additional_headers(o, name))) {
+		add_formatted_headers(msg, more_headers,
+				      line_prefix, set, reset);
+		*must_show_header = 1;
+	}
 	if (one && two && !oideq(&one->oid, &two->oid)) {
 		const unsigned hexsz = the_hash_algo->hexsz;
 		int abbrev = o->abbrev ? o->abbrev : DEFAULT_ABBREV;
@@ -5803,12 +5846,27 @@ int diff_unmodified_pair(struct diff_filepair *p)
 
 static void diff_flush_patch(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
 {
-	if (diff_unmodified_pair(p))
+	int include_conflict_headers =
+	    (additional_headers(o, p->one->path) &&
+	     (!o->filter || filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED, o)));
+
+	/*
+	 * Check if we can return early without showing a diff.  Note that
+	 * diff_filepair only stores {oid, path, mode, is_valid}
+	 * information for each path, and thus diff_unmodified_pair() only
+	 * considers those bits of info.  However, we do not want pairs
+	 * created by create_filepairs_for_header_only_notifications()
+	 * (which always look like unmodified pairs) to be ignored, so
+	 * return early if both p is unmodified AND we don't want to
+	 * include_conflict_headers.
+	 */
+	if (diff_unmodified_pair(p) && !include_conflict_headers)
 		return;
 
+	/* Actually, we can also return early to avoid showing tree diffs */
 	if ((DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && S_ISDIR(p->one->mode)) ||
 	    (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) && S_ISDIR(p->two->mode)))
-		return; /* no tree diffs in patch format */
+		return;
 
 	run_diff(p, o);
 }
@@ -5839,10 +5897,17 @@ static void diff_flush_checkdiff(struct diff_filepair *p,
 	run_checkdiff(p, o);
 }
 
-int diff_queue_is_empty(void)
+int diff_queue_is_empty(struct diff_options *o)
 {
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
 	int i;
+	int include_conflict_headers =
+	    (o->additional_path_headers &&
+	     (!o->filter || filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED, o)));
+
+	if (include_conflict_headers)
+		return 0;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
 		if (!diff_unmodified_pair(q->queue[i]))
 			return 0;
@@ -6276,6 +6341,54 @@ void diff_warn_rename_limit(const char *varname, int needed, int degraded_cc)
 		warning(_(rename_limit_advice), varname, needed);
 }
 
+static void create_filepairs_for_header_only_notifications(struct diff_options *o)
+{
+	struct strset present;
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	struct hashmap_iter iter;
+	struct strmap_entry *e;
+	int i;
+
+	strset_init_with_options(&present, /*pool*/ NULL, /*strdup*/ 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Find out which paths exist in diff_queued_diff, preferring
+	 * one->path for any pair that has multiple paths.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+		char *path = p->one->path ? p->one->path : p->two->path;
+
+		if (strmap_contains(o->additional_path_headers, path))
+			strset_add(&present, path);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Loop over paths in additional_path_headers; for each NOT already
+	 * in diff_queued_diff, create a synthetic filepair and insert that
+	 * into diff_queued_diff.
+	 */
+	strmap_for_each_entry(o->additional_path_headers, &iter, e) {
+		if (!strset_contains(&present, e->key)) {
+			struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
+			struct diff_filepair *p;
+
+			one = alloc_filespec(e->key);
+			two = alloc_filespec(e->key);
+			fill_filespec(one, null_oid(), 0, 0);
+			fill_filespec(two, null_oid(), 0, 0);
+			p = diff_queue(q, one, two);
+			p->status = DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Re-sort the filepairs */
+	diffcore_fix_diff_index();
+
+	/* Cleanup */
+	strset_clear(&present);
+}
+
 static void diff_flush_patch_all_file_pairs(struct diff_options *o)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -6288,6 +6401,9 @@ static void diff_flush_patch_all_file_pairs(struct diff_options *o)
 	if (o->color_moved)
 		o->emitted_symbols = &esm;
 
+	if (o->additional_path_headers)
+		create_filepairs_for_header_only_notifications(o);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
 		if (check_pair_status(p))
@@ -6358,7 +6474,7 @@ void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
 	 * Order: raw, stat, summary, patch
 	 * or:    name/name-status/checkdiff (other bits clear)
 	 */
-	if (!q->nr)
+	if (!q->nr && !options->additional_path_headers)
 		goto free_queue;
 
 	if (output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
index 8ba85c5e60..ce9e2cf2e4 100644
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -395,6 +395,7 @@ struct diff_options {
 
 	struct repository *repo;
 	struct option *parseopts;
+	struct strmap *additional_path_headers;
 
 	int no_free;
 };
@@ -593,7 +594,7 @@ void diffcore_fix_diff_index(void);
 "                show all files diff when -S is used and hit is found.\n" \
 "  -a  --text    treat all files as text.\n"
 
-int diff_queue_is_empty(void);
+int diff_queue_is_empty(struct diff_options *o);
 void diff_flush(struct diff_options*);
 void diff_free(struct diff_options*);
 void diff_warn_rename_limit(const char *varname, int needed, int degraded_cc);
diff --git a/ll-merge.c b/ll-merge.c
index 261657578c..a937cec59a 100644
--- a/ll-merge.c
+++ b/ll-merge.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 struct ll_merge_driver;
 
-typedef int (*ll_merge_fn)(const struct ll_merge_driver *,
+typedef enum ll_merge_result (*ll_merge_fn)(const struct ll_merge_driver *,
 			   mmbuffer_t *result,
 			   const char *path,
 			   mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void reset_merge_attributes(void)
 /*
  * Built-in low-levels
  */
-static int ll_binary_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
+static enum ll_merge_result ll_binary_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 			   mmbuffer_t *result,
 			   const char *path,
 			   mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ static int ll_binary_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 			   const struct ll_merge_options *opts,
 			   int marker_size)
 {
+	enum ll_merge_result ret;
 	mmfile_t *stolen;
 	assert(opts);
 
@@ -68,16 +69,19 @@ static int ll_binary_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 	 */
 	if (opts->virtual_ancestor) {
 		stolen = orig;
+		ret = LL_MERGE_OK;
 	} else {
 		switch (opts->variant) {
 		default:
-			warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)",
-				path, name1, name2);
-			/* fallthru */
+			ret = LL_MERGE_BINARY_CONFLICT;
+			stolen = src1;
+			break;
 		case XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS:
+			ret = LL_MERGE_OK;
 			stolen = src1;
 			break;
 		case XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS:
+			ret = LL_MERGE_OK;
 			stolen = src2;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -87,16 +91,10 @@ static int ll_binary_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 	result->size = stolen->size;
 	stolen->ptr = NULL;
 
-	/*
-	 * With -Xtheirs or -Xours, we have cleanly merged;
-	 * otherwise we got a conflict.
-	 */
-	return opts->variant == XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS ||
-	       opts->variant == XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS ?
-	       0 : 1;
+	return ret;
 }
 
-static int ll_xdl_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
+static enum ll_merge_result ll_xdl_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 			mmbuffer_t *result,
 			const char *path,
 			mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
@@ -105,7 +103,9 @@ static int ll_xdl_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 			const struct ll_merge_options *opts,
 			int marker_size)
 {
+	enum ll_merge_result ret;
 	xmparam_t xmp;
+	int status;
 	assert(opts);
 
 	if (orig->size > MAX_XDIFF_SIZE ||
@@ -133,10 +133,12 @@ static int ll_xdl_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 	xmp.ancestor = orig_name;
 	xmp.file1 = name1;
 	xmp.file2 = name2;
-	return xdl_merge(orig, src1, src2, &xmp, result);
+	status = xdl_merge(orig, src1, src2, &xmp, result);
+	ret = (status > 0) ? LL_MERGE_CONFLICT : status;
+	return ret;
 }
 
-static int ll_union_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
+static enum ll_merge_result ll_union_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 			  mmbuffer_t *result,
 			  const char *path,
 			  mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ static void create_temp(mmfile_t *src, char *path, size_t len)
 /*
  * User defined low-level merge driver support.
  */
-static int ll_ext_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *fn,
+static enum ll_merge_result ll_ext_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *fn,
 			mmbuffer_t *result,
 			const char *path,
 			mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
@@ -194,6 +196,7 @@ static int ll_ext_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *fn,
 	const char *args[] = { NULL, NULL };
 	int status, fd, i;
 	struct stat st;
+	enum ll_merge_result ret;
 	assert(opts);
 
 	sq_quote_buf(&path_sq, path);
@@ -236,7 +239,8 @@ static int ll_ext_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *fn,
 		unlink_or_warn(temp[i]);
 	strbuf_release(&cmd);
 	strbuf_release(&path_sq);
-	return status;
+	ret = (status > 0) ? LL_MERGE_CONFLICT : status;
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -362,7 +366,7 @@ static void normalize_file(mmfile_t *mm, const char *path, struct index_state *i
 	}
 }
 
-int ll_merge(mmbuffer_t *result_buf,
+enum ll_merge_result ll_merge(mmbuffer_t *result_buf,
 	     const char *path,
 	     mmfile_t *ancestor, const char *ancestor_label,
 	     mmfile_t *ours, const char *our_label,
diff --git a/ll-merge.h b/ll-merge.h
index aceb1b2413..e4a20e81a3 100644
--- a/ll-merge.h
+++ b/ll-merge.h
@@ -82,13 +82,20 @@ struct ll_merge_options {
 	long xdl_opts;
 };
 
+enum ll_merge_result {
+	LL_MERGE_ERROR = -1,
+	LL_MERGE_OK = 0,
+	LL_MERGE_CONFLICT,
+	LL_MERGE_BINARY_CONFLICT,
+};
+
 /**
  * Perform a three-way single-file merge in core.  This is a thin wrapper
  * around `xdl_merge` that takes the path and any merge backend specified in
  * `.gitattributes` or `.git/info/attributes` into account.
  * Returns 0 for a clean merge.
  */
-int ll_merge(mmbuffer_t *result_buf,
+enum ll_merge_result ll_merge(mmbuffer_t *result_buf,
 	     const char *path,
 	     mmfile_t *ancestor, const char *ancestor_label,
 	     mmfile_t *ours, const char *our_label,
diff --git a/log-tree.c b/log-tree.c
index d3e7a40b64..25165e2a91 100644
--- a/log-tree.c
+++ b/log-tree.c
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "commit-reach.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
 #include "repository.h"
+#include "tmp-objdir.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "graph.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
+#include "merge-ort.h"
 #include "reflog-walk.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
@@ -16,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "line-log.h"
 #include "help.h"
 #include "range-diff.h"
+#include "strmap.h"
 
 static struct decoration name_decoration = { "object names" };
 static int decoration_loaded;
@@ -849,7 +853,7 @@ int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *opt)
 	opt->shown_dashes = 0;
 	diffcore_std(&opt->diffopt);
 
-	if (diff_queue_is_empty()) {
+	if (diff_queue_is_empty(&opt->diffopt)) {
 		int saved_fmt = opt->diffopt.output_format;
 		opt->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 		diff_flush(&opt->diffopt);
@@ -904,6 +908,106 @@ static int do_diff_combined(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 	return !opt->loginfo;
 }
 
+static void setup_additional_headers(struct diff_options *o,
+				     struct strmap *all_headers)
+{
+	struct hashmap_iter iter;
+	struct strmap_entry *entry;
+
+	/*
+	 * Make o->additional_path_headers contain the subset of all_headers
+	 * that match o->pathspec.  If there aren't any that match o->pathspec,
+	 * then make o->additional_path_headers be NULL.
+	 */
+
+	if (!o->pathspec.nr) {
+		o->additional_path_headers = all_headers;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	o->additional_path_headers = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strmap));
+	strmap_init_with_options(o->additional_path_headers, NULL, 0);
+	strmap_for_each_entry(all_headers, &iter, entry) {
+		if (match_pathspec(the_repository->index, &o->pathspec,
+				   entry->key, strlen(entry->key),
+				   0 /* prefix */, NULL /* seen */,
+				   0 /* is_dir */))
+			strmap_put(o->additional_path_headers,
+				   entry->key, entry->value);
+	}
+	if (!strmap_get_size(o->additional_path_headers)) {
+		strmap_clear(o->additional_path_headers, 0);
+		FREE_AND_NULL(o->additional_path_headers);
+	}
+}
+
+static void cleanup_additional_headers(struct diff_options *o)
+{
+	if (!o->pathspec.nr) {
+		o->additional_path_headers = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!o->additional_path_headers)
+		return;
+
+	strmap_clear(o->additional_path_headers, 0);
+	FREE_AND_NULL(o->additional_path_headers);
+}
+
+static int do_remerge_diff(struct rev_info *opt,
+			   struct commit_list *parents,
+			   struct object_id *oid,
+			   struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct merge_options o;
+	struct commit_list *bases;
+	struct merge_result res = {0};
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	struct commit *parent1 = parents->item;
+	struct commit *parent2 = parents->next->item;
+	struct strbuf parent1_desc = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf parent2_desc = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Setup merge options */
+	init_merge_options(&o, the_repository);
+	o.show_rename_progress = 0;
+	o.record_conflict_msgs_as_headers = 1;
+	o.msg_header_prefix = "remerge";
+
+	ctx.abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	format_commit_message(parent1, "%h (%s)", &parent1_desc, &ctx);
+	format_commit_message(parent2, "%h (%s)", &parent2_desc, &ctx);
+	o.branch1 = parent1_desc.buf;
+	o.branch2 = parent2_desc.buf;
+
+	/* Parse the relevant commits and get the merge bases */
+	parse_commit_or_die(parent1);
+	parse_commit_or_die(parent2);
+	bases = get_merge_bases(parent1, parent2);
+
+	/* Re-merge the parents */
+	merge_incore_recursive(&o, bases, parent1, parent2, &res);
+
+	/* Show the diff */
+	setup_additional_headers(&opt->diffopt, res.path_messages);
+	diff_tree_oid(&res.tree->object.oid, oid, "", &opt->diffopt);
+	log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
+
+	/* Cleanup */
+	cleanup_additional_headers(&opt->diffopt);
+	strbuf_release(&parent1_desc);
+	strbuf_release(&parent2_desc);
+	merge_finalize(&o, &res);
+
+	/* Clean up the contents of the temporary object directory */
+	if (opt->remerge_objdir)
+		tmp_objdir_discard_objects(opt->remerge_objdir);
+	else
+		BUG("did a remerge diff without remerge_objdir?!?");
+
+	return !opt->loginfo;
+}
+
 /*
  * Show the diff of a commit.
  *
@@ -938,6 +1042,18 @@ static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log
 	}
 
 	if (is_merge) {
+		int octopus = (parents->next->next != NULL);
+
+		if (opt->remerge_diff) {
+			if (octopus) {
+				show_log(opt);
+				fprintf(opt->diffopt.file,
+					"diff: warning: Skipping remerge-diff "
+					"for octopus merges.\n");
+				return 1;
+			}
+			return do_remerge_diff(opt, parents, oid, commit);
+		}
 		if (opt->combine_merges)
 			return do_diff_combined(opt, commit);
 		if (opt->separate_merges) {
diff --git a/merge-blobs.c b/merge-blobs.c
index ee0a0e90c9..8138090f81 100644
--- a/merge-blobs.c
+++ b/merge-blobs.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ static void *three_way_filemerge(struct index_state *istate,
 				 mmfile_t *their,
 				 unsigned long *size)
 {
-	int merge_status;
+	enum ll_merge_result merge_status;
 	mmbuffer_t res;
 
 	/*
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ static void *three_way_filemerge(struct index_state *istate,
 				istate, NULL);
 	if (merge_status < 0)
 		return NULL;
+	if (merge_status == LL_MERGE_BINARY_CONFLICT)
+		warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)",
+			path, ".our", ".their");
 
 	*size = res.size;
 	return res.ptr;
diff --git a/merge-ort.c b/merge-ort.c
index d455fca7d2..d85b1cd99e 100644
--- a/merge-ort.c
+++ b/merge-ort.c
@@ -634,17 +634,51 @@ static void path_msg(struct merge_options *opt,
 		     const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
-	struct strbuf *sb = strmap_get(&opt->priv->output, path);
+	struct strbuf *sb, *dest;
+	struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (opt->record_conflict_msgs_as_headers && omittable_hint)
+		return; /* Do not record mere hints in headers */
+	if (opt->record_conflict_msgs_as_headers && opt->priv->call_depth)
+		return; /* Do not record inner merge issues in headers */
+	sb = strmap_get(&opt->priv->output, path);
 	if (!sb) {
 		sb = xmalloc(sizeof(*sb));
 		strbuf_init(sb, 0);
 		strmap_put(&opt->priv->output, path, sb);
 	}
 
+	dest = (opt->record_conflict_msgs_as_headers ? &tmp : sb);
+
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	strbuf_vaddf(sb, fmt, ap);
+	strbuf_vaddf(dest, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 
+	if (opt->record_conflict_msgs_as_headers) {
+		int i_sb = 0, i_tmp = 0;
+
+		/* Start with the specified prefix */
+		if (opt->msg_header_prefix)
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "%s ", opt->msg_header_prefix);
+
+		/* Copy tmp to sb, adding spaces after newlines */
+		strbuf_grow(sb, sb->len + 2*tmp.len); /* more than sufficient */
+		for (; i_tmp < tmp.len; i_tmp++, i_sb++) {
+			/* Copy next character from tmp to sb */
+			sb->buf[sb->len + i_sb] = tmp.buf[i_tmp];
+
+			/* If we copied a newline, add a space */
+			if (tmp.buf[i_tmp] == '\n')
+				sb->buf[++i_sb] = ' ';
+		}
+		/* Update length and ensure it's NUL-terminated */
+		sb->len += i_sb;
+		sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+
+		strbuf_release(&tmp);
+	}
+
+	/* Add final newline character to sb */
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
@@ -1743,7 +1777,7 @@ static int merge_3way(struct merge_options *opt,
 	mmfile_t orig, src1, src2;
 	struct ll_merge_options ll_opts = {0};
 	char *base, *name1, *name2;
-	int merge_status;
+	enum ll_merge_result merge_status;
 
 	if (!opt->priv->attr_index.initialized)
 		initialize_attr_index(opt);
@@ -1787,6 +1821,10 @@ static int merge_3way(struct merge_options *opt,
 	merge_status = ll_merge(result_buf, path, &orig, base,
 				&src1, name1, &src2, name2,
 				&opt->priv->attr_index, &ll_opts);
+	if (merge_status == LL_MERGE_BINARY_CONFLICT)
+		path_msg(opt, path, 0,
+			 "warning: Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)",
+			 path, name1, name2);
 
 	free(base);
 	free(name1);
@@ -2416,7 +2454,7 @@ static void apply_directory_rename_modifications(struct merge_options *opt,
 		 */
 		ci->path_conflict = 1;
 		if (pair->status == 'A')
-			path_msg(opt, new_path, 0,
+			path_msg(opt, new_path, 1,
 				 _("CONFLICT (file location): %s added in %s "
 				   "inside a directory that was renamed in %s, "
 				   "suggesting it should perhaps be moved to "
@@ -2424,7 +2462,7 @@ static void apply_directory_rename_modifications(struct merge_options *opt,
 				 old_path, branch_with_new_path,
 				 branch_with_dir_rename, new_path);
 		else
-			path_msg(opt, new_path, 0,
+			path_msg(opt, new_path, 1,
 				 _("CONFLICT (file location): %s renamed to %s "
 				   "in %s, inside a directory that was renamed "
 				   "in %s, suggesting it should perhaps be "
@@ -4259,6 +4297,9 @@ void merge_switch_to_result(struct merge_options *opt,
 		struct string_list olist = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 		int i;
 
+		if (opt->record_conflict_msgs_as_headers)
+			BUG("Either display conflict messages or record them as headers, not both");
+
 		trace2_region_enter("merge", "display messages", opt->repo);
 
 		/* Hack to pre-allocate olist to the desired size */
@@ -4360,6 +4401,9 @@ static void merge_start(struct merge_options *opt, struct merge_result *result)
 	assert(opt->recursive_variant >= MERGE_VARIANT_NORMAL &&
 	       opt->recursive_variant <= MERGE_VARIANT_THEIRS);
 
+	if (opt->msg_header_prefix)
+		assert(opt->record_conflict_msgs_as_headers);
+
 	/*
 	 * detect_renames, verbosity, buffer_output, and obuf are ignored
 	 * fields that were used by "recursive" rather than "ort" -- but
@@ -4560,6 +4604,7 @@ static void merge_ort_nonrecursive_internal(struct merge_options *opt,
 	trace2_region_leave("merge", "process_entries", opt->repo);
 
 	/* Set return values */
+	result->path_messages = &opt->priv->output;
 	result->tree = parse_tree_indirect(&working_tree_oid);
 	/* existence of conflicted entries implies unclean */
 	result->clean &= strmap_empty(&opt->priv->conflicted);
diff --git a/merge-ort.h b/merge-ort.h
index c011864ffe..fe599b8786 100644
--- a/merge-ort.h
+++ b/merge-ort.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 struct commit;
 struct tree;
+struct strmap;
 
 struct merge_result {
 	/*
@@ -23,6 +24,15 @@ struct merge_result {
 	 */
 	struct tree *tree;
 
+	/*
+	 * Special messages and conflict notices for various paths
+	 *
+	 * This is a map of pathnames to strbufs.  It contains various
+	 * warning/conflict/notice messages (possibly multiple per path)
+	 * that callers may want to use.
+	 */
+	struct strmap *path_messages;
+
 	/*
 	 * Additional metadata used by merge_switch_to_result() or future calls
 	 * to merge_incore_*().  Includes data needed to update the index (if
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
index d9457797db..9ec1e6d043 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ static int merge_3way(struct merge_options *opt,
 	mmfile_t orig, src1, src2;
 	struct ll_merge_options ll_opts = {0};
 	char *base, *name1, *name2;
-	int merge_status;
+	enum ll_merge_result merge_status;
 
 	ll_opts.renormalize = opt->renormalize;
 	ll_opts.extra_marker_size = extra_marker_size;
@@ -1090,6 +1090,9 @@ static int merge_3way(struct merge_options *opt,
 	merge_status = ll_merge(result_buf, a->path, &orig, base,
 				&src1, name1, &src2, name2,
 				opt->repo->index, &ll_opts);
+	if (merge_status == LL_MERGE_BINARY_CONFLICT)
+		warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)",
+			a->path, name1, name2);
 
 	free(base);
 	free(name1);
@@ -3711,6 +3714,10 @@ static int merge_start(struct merge_options *opt, struct tree *head)
 
 	assert(opt->priv == NULL);
 
+	/* Not supported; option specific to merge-ort */
+	assert(!opt->record_conflict_msgs_as_headers);
+	assert(!opt->msg_header_prefix);
+
 	/* Sanity check on repo state; index must match head */
 	if (repo_index_has_changes(opt->repo, head, &sb)) {
 		err(opt, _("Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n  %s"),
diff --git a/merge-recursive.h b/merge-recursive.h
index 0795a1d3ec..b88000e3c2 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.h
+++ b/merge-recursive.h
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ struct merge_options {
 	/* miscellaneous control options */
 	const char *subtree_shift;
 	unsigned renormalize : 1;
+	unsigned record_conflict_msgs_as_headers : 1;
+	const char *msg_header_prefix;
 
 	/* internal fields used by the implementation */
 	struct merge_options_internal *priv;
diff --git a/notes-merge.c b/notes-merge.c
index b4a3a903e8..01d596920e 100644
--- a/notes-merge.c
+++ b/notes-merge.c
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ static int ll_merge_in_worktree(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 {
 	mmbuffer_t result_buf;
 	mmfile_t base, local, remote;
-	int status;
+	enum ll_merge_result status;
 
 	read_mmblob(&base, &p->base);
 	read_mmblob(&local, &p->local);
@@ -358,6 +358,9 @@ static int ll_merge_in_worktree(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	free(local.ptr);
 	free(remote.ptr);
 
+	if (status == LL_MERGE_BINARY_CONFLICT)
+		warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)",
+			oid_to_hex(&p->obj), o->local_ref, o->remote_ref);
 	if ((status < 0) || !result_buf.ptr)
 		die("Failed to execute internal merge");
 
diff --git a/rerere.c b/rerere.c
index d83d58df4f..d26627c593 100644
--- a/rerere.c
+++ b/rerere.c
@@ -609,19 +609,20 @@ static int try_merge(struct index_state *istate,
 		     const struct rerere_id *id, const char *path,
 		     mmfile_t *cur, mmbuffer_t *result)
 {
-	int ret;
+	enum ll_merge_result ret;
 	mmfile_t base = {NULL, 0}, other = {NULL, 0};
 
 	if (read_mmfile(&base, rerere_path(id, "preimage")) ||
-	    read_mmfile(&other, rerere_path(id, "postimage")))
-		ret = 1;
-	else
+	    read_mmfile(&other, rerere_path(id, "postimage"))) {
+		ret = LL_MERGE_CONFLICT;
+	} else {
 		/*
 		 * A three-way merge. Note that this honors user-customizable
 		 * low-level merge driver settings.
 		 */
 		ret = ll_merge(result, path, &base, NULL, cur, "", &other, "",
 			       istate, NULL);
+	}
 
 	free(base.ptr);
 	free(other.ptr);
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index 3f66147bfd..3c58c18c63 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -195,7 +195,8 @@ struct rev_info {
 			combine_merges:1,
 			combined_all_paths:1,
 			dense_combined_merges:1,
-			first_parent_merges:1;
+			first_parent_merges:1,
+			remerge_diff:1;
 
 	/* Format info */
 	int		show_notes;
@@ -315,6 +316,9 @@ struct rev_info {
 
 	/* misc. flags related to '--no-kept-objects' */
 	unsigned keep_pack_cache_flags;
+
+	/* Location where temporary objects for remerge-diff are written. */
+	struct tmp_objdir *remerge_objdir;
 };
 
 int ref_excluded(struct string_list *, const char *path);
diff --git a/t/t4069-remerge-diff.sh b/t/t4069-remerge-diff.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..35f94957fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4069-remerge-diff.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='remerge-diff handling'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# This test is ort-specific
+if test "${GIT_TEST_MERGE_ALGORITHM}" != ort
+then
+	skip_all="GIT_TEST_MERGE_ALGORITHM != ort"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup basic merges' '
+	test_write_lines 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >numbers &&
+	git add numbers &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+
+	git branch feature_a &&
+	git branch feature_b &&
+	git branch feature_c &&
+
+	git branch ab_resolution &&
+	git branch bc_resolution &&
+
+	git checkout feature_a &&
+	test_write_lines 1 2 three 4 5 6 7 eight 9 >numbers &&
+	git commit -a -m change_a &&
+
+	git checkout feature_b &&
+	test_write_lines 1 2 tres 4 5 6 7 8 9 >numbers &&
+	git commit -a -m change_b &&
+
+	git checkout feature_c &&
+	test_write_lines 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >numbers &&
+	git commit -a -m change_c &&
+
+	git checkout bc_resolution &&
+	git merge --ff-only feature_b &&
+	# no conflict
+	git merge feature_c &&
+
+	git checkout ab_resolution &&
+	git merge --ff-only feature_a &&
+	# conflicts!
+	test_must_fail git merge feature_b &&
+	# Resolve conflict...and make another change elsewhere
+	test_write_lines 1 2 drei 4 5 6 7 acht 9 >numbers &&
+	git add numbers &&
+	git merge --continue
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remerge-diff on a clean merge' '
+	git log -1 --oneline bc_resolution >expect &&
+	git show --oneline --remerge-diff bc_resolution >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remerge-diff with both a resolved conflict and an unrelated change' '
+	git log -1 --oneline ab_resolution >tmp &&
+	cat <<-EOF >>tmp &&
+	diff --git a/numbers b/numbers
+	remerge CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in numbers
+	index a1fb731..6875544 100644
+	--- a/numbers
+	+++ b/numbers
+	@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
+	 1
+	 2
+	-<<<<<<< b0ed5cb (change_a)
+	-three
+	-=======
+	-tres
+	->>>>>>> 6cd3f82 (change_b)
+	+drei
+	 4
+	 5
+	 6
+	 7
+	-eight
+	+acht
+	 9
+	EOF
+	# Hashes above are sha1; rip them out so test works with sha256
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >expect &&
+
+	git show --oneline --remerge-diff ab_resolution >tmp &&
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup non-content conflicts' '
+	git switch --orphan base &&
+
+	test_write_lines 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >numbers &&
+	test_write_lines a b c d e f g h i >letters &&
+	test_write_lines in the way >content &&
+	git add numbers letters content &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+
+	git branch side1 &&
+	git branch side2 &&
+
+	git checkout side1 &&
+	test_write_lines 1 2 three 4 5 6 7 8 9 >numbers &&
+	git mv letters letters_side1 &&
+	git mv content file_or_directory &&
+	git add numbers &&
+	git commit -m side1 &&
+
+	git checkout side2 &&
+	git rm numbers &&
+	git mv letters letters_side2 &&
+	mkdir file_or_directory &&
+	echo hello >file_or_directory/world &&
+	git add file_or_directory/world &&
+	git commit -m side2 &&
+
+	git checkout -b resolution side1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side2 &&
+	test_write_lines 1 2 three 4 5 6 7 8 9 >numbers &&
+	git add numbers &&
+	git add letters_side1 &&
+	git rm letters &&
+	git rm letters_side2 &&
+	git add file_or_directory~HEAD &&
+	git mv file_or_directory~HEAD wanted_content &&
+	git commit -m resolved
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remerge-diff with non-content conflicts' '
+	git log -1 --oneline resolution >tmp &&
+	cat <<-EOF >>tmp &&
+	diff --git a/file_or_directory~HASH (side1) b/wanted_content
+	similarity index 100%
+	rename from file_or_directory~HASH (side1)
+	rename to wanted_content
+	remerge CONFLICT (file/directory): directory in the way of file_or_directory from HASH (side1); moving it to file_or_directory~HASH (side1) instead.
+	diff --git a/letters b/letters
+	remerge CONFLICT (rename/rename): letters renamed to letters_side1 in HASH (side1) and to letters_side2 in HASH (side2).
+	diff --git a/letters_side2 b/letters_side2
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index b236ae5..0000000
+	--- a/letters_side2
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
+	-a
+	-b
+	-c
+	-d
+	-e
+	-f
+	-g
+	-h
+	-i
+	diff --git a/numbers b/numbers
+	remerge CONFLICT (modify/delete): numbers deleted in HASH (side2) and modified in HASH (side1).  Version HASH (side1) of numbers left in tree.
+	EOF
+	# We still have some sha1 hashes above; rip them out so test works
+	# with sha256
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >expect &&
+
+	git show --oneline --remerge-diff resolution >tmp &&
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remerge-diff w/ diff-filter=U: all conflict headers, no diff content' '
+	git log -1 --oneline resolution >tmp &&
+	cat <<-EOF >>tmp &&
+	diff --git a/file_or_directory~HASH (side1) b/file_or_directory~HASH (side1)
+	remerge CONFLICT (file/directory): directory in the way of file_or_directory from HASH (side1); moving it to file_or_directory~HASH (side1) instead.
+	diff --git a/letters b/letters
+	remerge CONFLICT (rename/rename): letters renamed to letters_side1 in HASH (side1) and to letters_side2 in HASH (side2).
+	diff --git a/numbers b/numbers
+	remerge CONFLICT (modify/delete): numbers deleted in HASH (side2) and modified in HASH (side1).  Version HASH (side1) of numbers left in tree.
+	EOF
+	# We still have some sha1 hashes above; rip them out so test works
+	# with sha256
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >expect &&
+
+	git show --oneline --remerge-diff --diff-filter=U resolution >tmp &&
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remerge-diff w/ diff-filter=R: relevant file + conflict header' '
+	git log -1 --oneline resolution >tmp &&
+	cat <<-EOF >>tmp &&
+	diff --git a/file_or_directory~HASH (side1) b/wanted_content
+	similarity index 100%
+	rename from file_or_directory~HASH (side1)
+	rename to wanted_content
+	remerge CONFLICT (file/directory): directory in the way of file_or_directory from HASH (side1); moving it to file_or_directory~HASH (side1) instead.
+	EOF
+	# We still have some sha1 hashes above; rip them out so test works
+	# with sha256
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >expect &&
+
+	git show --oneline --remerge-diff --diff-filter=R resolution >tmp &&
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remerge-diff w/ pathspec: limits to relevant file including conflict header' '
+	git log -1 --oneline resolution >tmp &&
+	cat <<-EOF >>tmp &&
+	diff --git a/letters b/letters
+	remerge CONFLICT (rename/rename): letters renamed to letters_side1 in HASH (side1) and to letters_side2 in HASH (side2).
+	diff --git a/letters_side2 b/letters_side2
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index b236ae5..0000000
+	--- a/letters_side2
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
+	-a
+	-b
+	-c
+	-d
+	-e
+	-f
+	-g
+	-h
+	-i
+	EOF
+	# We still have some sha1 hashes above; rip them out so test works
+	# with sha256
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >expect &&
+
+	git show --oneline --remerge-diff resolution -- "letters*" >tmp &&
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup non-content conflicts' '
+	git switch --orphan newbase &&
+
+	test_write_lines 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >numbers &&
+	git add numbers &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+
+	git branch newside1 &&
+	git branch newside2 &&
+
+	git checkout newside1 &&
+	test_write_lines 1 2 three 4 5 6 7 8 9 >numbers &&
+	git add numbers &&
+	git commit -m side1 &&
+
+	git checkout newside2 &&
+	test_write_lines 1 2 drei 4 5 6 7 8 9 >numbers &&
+	git add numbers &&
+	git commit -m side2 &&
+
+	git checkout -b newresolution newside1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge newside2 &&
+	git checkout --theirs numbers &&
+	git add -u numbers &&
+	git commit -m resolved
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remerge-diff turns off history simplification' '
+	git log -1 --oneline newresolution >tmp &&
+	cat <<-EOF >>tmp &&
+	diff --git a/numbers b/numbers
+	remerge CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in numbers
+	index 070e9e7..5335e78 100644
+	--- a/numbers
+	+++ b/numbers
+	@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
+	 1
+	 2
+	-<<<<<<< 96f1e45 (side1)
+	-three
+	-=======
+	 drei
+	->>>>>>> 4fd522f (side2)
+	 4
+	 5
+	 6
+	EOF
+	# We still have some sha1 hashes above; rip them out so test works
+	# with sha256
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >expect &&
+
+	git show --oneline --remerge-diff newresolution -- numbers >tmp &&
+	sed -e "s/[0-9a-f]\{7,\}/HASH/g" tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6404-recursive-merge.sh b/t/t6404-recursive-merge.sh
index eaf48e941e..b8735c6db4 100755
--- a/t/t6404-recursive-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t6404-recursive-merge.sh
@@ -108,8 +108,13 @@ test_expect_success 'refuse to merge binary files' '
 	printf "\0\0" >binary-file &&
 	git add binary-file &&
 	git commit -m binary2 &&
-	test_must_fail git merge F >merge.out 2>merge.err &&
-	grep "Cannot merge binary files: binary-file (HEAD vs. F)" merge.err
+	if test "$GIT_TEST_MERGE_ALGORITHM" = ort
+	then
+		test_must_fail git merge F >merge_output
+	else
+		test_must_fail git merge F 2>merge_output
+	fi &&
+	grep "Cannot merge binary files: binary-file (HEAD vs. F)" merge_output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mark rename/delete as unmerged' '
diff --git a/t/t6406-merge-attr.sh b/t/t6406-merge-attr.sh
index 57e6af5eaa..99abefd44b 100755
--- a/t/t6406-merge-attr.sh
+++ b/t/t6406-merge-attr.sh
@@ -221,8 +221,13 @@ test_expect_success 'binary files with union attribute' '
 	printf "two\0" >bin.txt &&
 	git commit -am two &&
 
-	test_must_fail git merge bin-main 2>stderr &&
-	grep -i "warning.*cannot merge.*HEAD vs. bin-main" stderr
+	if test "$GIT_TEST_MERGE_ALGORITHM" = ort
+	then
+		test_must_fail git merge bin-main >output
+	else
+		test_must_fail git merge bin-main 2>output
+	fi &&
+	grep -i "warning.*cannot merge.*HEAD vs. bin-main" output
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/tmp-objdir.c b/tmp-objdir.c
index 3d38eeab66..adf6033549 100644
--- a/tmp-objdir.c
+++ b/tmp-objdir.c
@@ -79,6 +79,11 @@ static void remove_tmp_objdir_on_signal(int signo)
 	raise(signo);
 }
 
+void tmp_objdir_discard_objects(struct tmp_objdir *t)
+{
+	remove_dir_recursively(&t->path, REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_TOPLEVEL);
+}
+
 /*
  * These env_* functions are for setting up the child environment; the
  * "replace" variant overrides the value of any existing variable with that
diff --git a/tmp-objdir.h b/tmp-objdir.h
index cda5ec7677..76efc7edee 100644
--- a/tmp-objdir.h
+++ b/tmp-objdir.h
@@ -46,6 +46,12 @@ int tmp_objdir_migrate(struct tmp_objdir *);
  */
 int tmp_objdir_destroy(struct tmp_objdir *);
 
+/*
+ * Remove all objects from the temporary object directory, while leaving it
+ * around so more objects can be added.
+ */
+void tmp_objdir_discard_objects(struct tmp_objdir *);
+
 /*
  * Add the temporary object directory as an alternate object store in the
  * current process.