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user-manual: Reorganize the reroll sections, adding 'git rebase -i'

I think this interface is often more convenient than extended cherry
picking or using 'git format-patch'.  In fact, I removed the
cherry-pick section entirely.  The entry-level suggestions for
rerolling are now:

    1. git commit --amend
    2. git format-patch origin
       git reset --hard origin
       ...edit and reorder patches...
       git am *.patch
    3. git rebase -i origin

Signed-off-by: W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This commit is contained in:
W. Trevor King 2013-02-19 05:05:00 -05:00 committed by Junio C Hamano
parent 7ed1690c34
commit 6c26bf4d4e

@ -2556,6 +2556,12 @@ return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
$ git rebase --abort
-------------------------------------------------
If you need to reorder or edit a number of commits in a branch, it may
be easier to use `git rebase -i`, which allows you to reorder and
squash commits, as well as marking them for individual editing during
the rebase. See <<interactive-rebase>> for details, and
<<reordering-patch-series>> for alternatives.
[[rewriting-one-commit]]
Rewriting a single commit
-------------------------
@ -2569,72 +2575,89 @@ $ git commit --amend
which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your
changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.
This is useful for fixing typos in your last commit, or for adjusting
the patch contents of a poorly staged commit.
You can also use a combination of this and linkgit:git-rebase[1] to
replace a commit further back in your history and recreate the
intervening changes on top of it. First, tag the problematic commit
with
-------------------------------------------------
$ git tag bad mywork~5
-------------------------------------------------
(Either gitk or `git log` may be useful for finding the commit.)
Then check out that commit, edit it, and rebase the rest of the series
on top of it (note that we could check out the commit on a temporary
branch, but instead we're using a <<detached-head,detached head>>):
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout bad
$ # make changes here and update the index
$ git commit --amend
$ git rebase --onto HEAD bad mywork
-------------------------------------------------
When you're done, you'll be left with mywork checked out, with the top
patches on mywork reapplied on top of your modified commit. You can
then clean up with
-------------------------------------------------
$ git tag -d bad
-------------------------------------------------
Note that the immutable nature of git history means that you haven't really
"modified" existing commits; instead, you have replaced the old commits with
new commits having new object names.
If you need to amend commits from deeper in your history, you can
use <<interactive-rebase,interactive rebase's `edit` instruction>>.
[[reordering-patch-series]]
Reordering or selecting from a patch series
-------------------------------------------
Given one existing commit, the linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1] command
allows you to apply the change introduced by that commit and create a
new commit that records it. So, for example, if "mywork" points to a
series of patches on top of "origin", you might do something like:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout -b mywork-new origin
$ gitk origin..mywork &
-------------------------------------------------
and browse through the list of patches in the mywork branch using gitk,
applying them (possibly in a different order) to mywork-new using
cherry-pick, and possibly modifying them as you go using `git commit --amend`.
The linkgit:git-gui[1] command may also help as it allows you to
individually select diff hunks for inclusion in the index (by
right-clicking on the diff hunk and choosing "Stage Hunk for Commit").
Another technique is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of
patches, then reset the state to before the patches:
Sometimes you want to edit a commit deeper in your history. One
approach is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of patches
and then reset the state to before the patches:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git format-patch origin
$ git reset --hard origin
-------------------------------------------------
Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as preferred before applying
them again with linkgit:git-am[1].
Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as needed before applying
them again with linkgit:git-am[1]:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git am *.patch
-------------------------------------------------
[[interactive-rebase]]
Using interactive rebases
-------------------------
You can also edit a patch series with an interactive rebase. This is
the same as <<reordering-patch-series,reordering a patch series using
`format-patch`>>, so use whichever interface you like best.
Rebase your current HEAD on the last commit you want to retain as-is.
For example, if you want to reorder the last 5 commits, use:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git rebase -i HEAD~5
-------------------------------------------------
This will open your editor with a list of steps to be taken to perform
your rebase.
-------------------------------------------------
pick deadbee The oneline of this commit
pick fa1afe1 The oneline of the next commit
...
# Rebase c0ffeee..deadbee onto c0ffeee
#
# Commands:
# p, pick = use commit
# r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
# e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
# s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
# f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
# x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
#
# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
#
# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
#
# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
#
# Note that empty commits are commented out
-------------------------------------------------
As explained in the comments, you can reorder commits, squash them
together, edit commit messages, etc. by editing the list. Once you
are satisfied, save the list and close your editor, and the rebase
will begin.
The rebase will stop where `pick` has been replaced with `edit` or
when a step in the list fails to mechanically resolve conflicts and
needs your help. When you are done editing and/or resolving conflicts
you can continue with `git rebase --continue`. If you decide that
things are getting too hairy, you can always bail out with `git rebase
--abort`. Even after the rebase is complete, you can still recover
the original branch by using the <<reflogs,reflog>>.
For a more detailed discussion of the procedure and additional tips,
see the "INTERACTIVE MODE" section of linkgit:git-rebase[1].
[[patch-series-tools]]
Other tools