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gitweb: Add gitweb(1) manpage for gitweb itself

Most of what is in gitweb.txt it has been pulled directly from the
README and INSTALL files of gitweb.

Current version is somewhat based on structure of SVN::Web manpage
(one of web interfaces for Subversion).

gitweb.conf(5) i.e. gitweb configuration manpage now refers to
appropriate sections in gitweb(1).  gitweb/README now refers to
gitweb/INSTALL and gitweb(1) manpage.  gitweb/INSTALL now refers to
gitweb.conf(5) and gitweb(1).

Inspired-by: Drew Northup <drew.northup@maine.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Narebski <jnareb@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This commit is contained in:
Jakub Narebski 2011-10-16 13:07:32 +02:00 committed by Junio C Hamano
parent 6d3902b0d0
commit 07ea4df278
5 changed files with 742 additions and 345 deletions

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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
MAN1_TXT= \
$(filter-out $(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
$(wildcard git-*.txt)) \
gitk.txt git.txt
gitk.txt gitweb.txt git.txt
MAN5_TXT=gitattributes.txt gitignore.txt gitmodules.txt githooks.txt \
gitrepository-layout.txt gitweb.conf.txt
MAN7_TXT=gitcli.txt gittutorial.txt gittutorial-2.txt \

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@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ CGI script with the default name 'gitweb_config.perl' -- allowing
one to have multiple gitweb instances with different configurations by
the use of symlinks.
Note that some configuration can be controlled on per-repository rather than
gitweb-wide basis: see "Per-repository gitweb configuration" subsection on
linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
DISCUSSION
----------
@ -109,6 +113,8 @@ Location of repositories
The configuration variables described below control how gitweb finds
git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.
See also "Repositories" and later subsections in linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
$projectroot::
Absolute filesystem path which will be prepended to project path;
the path to repository is `$projectroot/$project`. Set to
@ -193,6 +199,9 @@ our $export_ok = "git-daemon-export-ok";
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
If not set (default), it means that this feature is disabled.
+
See also more involved example in "Controlling access to git repositories"
subsection on linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
$strict_export::
Only allow viewing of repositories also shown on the overview page.

704
Documentation/gitweb.txt Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,704 @@
gitweb(1)
=========
NAME
----
gitweb - Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories)
SYNOPSIS
--------
To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a git repository.
This would configure and start your web server, and run web browser pointing to
gitweb.
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Gitweb provides a web interface to git repositories. It's features include:
* Viewing multiple Git repositories with common root.
* Browsing every revision of the repository.
* Viewing the contents of files in the repository at any revision.
* Viewing the revision log of branches, history of files and directories,
see what was changed when, by who.
* Viewing the blame/annotation details of any file (if enabled).
* Generating RSS and Atom feeds of commits, for any branch.
The feeds are auto-discoverable in modern web browsers.
* Viewing everything that was changed in a revision, and step through
revisions one at a time, viewing the history of the repository.
* Finding commits which commit messages matches given search term.
See http://git.kernel.org/?p=git/git.git;a=tree;f=gitweb[] or
http://repo.or.cz/w/git.git/tree/HEAD:/gitweb/[] for gitweb source code,
browsed using gitweb itself.
CONFIGURATION
-------------
Various aspects of gitweb's behavior can be controlled through the configuration
file 'gitweb_config.perl' or '/etc/gitweb.conf'. See the linkgit:gitweb.conf[5]
for details.
Repositories
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Gitweb can show information from one or more Git repositories. These
repositories have to be all on local filesystem, and have to share common
repository root, i.e. be all under a single parent repository (but see also
"Advanced web server setup" section, "Webserver configuration with multiple
projects' root" subsection).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
our $projectroot = '/path/to/parent/directory';
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
The default value for `$projectroot` is '/pub/git'. You can change it during
building gitweb via `GITWEB_PROJECTROOT` build configuration variable.
By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available
to gitweb. The list of projects is generated by default by scanning the
`$projectroot` directory for git repositories (for object databases to be
more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area, and is best suited
to showing "bare" repositories).
The name of repository in gitweb is path to it's `$GIT_DIR` (it's object
database) relative to `$projectroot`. Therefore the repository $repo can be
found at "$projectroot/$repo".
Projects list file format
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Instead of having gitweb find repositories by scanning filesystem
starting from $projectroot, you can provide a pre-generated list of
visible projects by setting `$projects_list` to point to a plain text
file with a list of projects (with some additional info).
This file uses the following format:
* One record (for project / repository) per line; does not support line
continuation (newline escaping).
* Leading and trailing whitespace are ignored.
* Whitespace separated fields; any run of whitespace can be used as field
separator (rules for Perl's "`split(" ", $line)`").
* Fields use modified URI encoding, defined in RFC 3986, section 2.1
(Percent-Encoding), or rather "Query string encoding" (see
link:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string#URL_encoding[]), the difference
being that SP (" ") can be encoded as "{plus}" (and therefore "{plus}" has to be
also percent-encoded).
+
Reserved characters are: "%" (used for encoding), "{plus}" (can be used to
encode SPACE), all whitespace characters as defined in Perl, including SP,
TAB and LF, (used to separate fields in a record).
* Currently recognized fields are:
<repository path>::
path to repository GIT_DIR, relative to `$projectroot`
<repository owner>::
displayed as repository owner, preferably full name, or email,
or both
You can generate the projects list index file using the project_index action
(the 'TXT' link on projects list page) directly from gitweb; see also
"Generating projects list using gitweb" section below.
Example contents:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
foo.git Joe+R+Hacker+<joe@example.com>
foo/bar.git O+W+Ner+<owner@example.org>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
By default this file controls only which projects are *visible* on projects
list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized git
repositories won't be displayed by gitweb). Even if a project is not
visible on projects list page, you can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting
a gitweb URL. By setting `$strict_export` configuration variable (see
linkgit:gitweb.conf[5]) to true value you can allow viewing only of
repositories also shown on the overview page (i.e. only projects explicitly
listed in projects list file will be accessible).
Generating projects list using gitweb
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We assume that GITWEB_CONFIG has its default Makefile value, namely
'gitweb_config.perl'. Put the following in 'gitweb_make_index.perl' file:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
read_config_file("gitweb_config.perl");
$projects_list = $projectroot;
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Then create the following script to get list of project in the format
suitable for GITWEB_LIST build configuration variable (or
`$projects_list` variable in gitweb config):
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/sh
export GITWEB_CONFIG="gitweb_make_index.perl"
export GATEWAY_INTERFACE="CGI/1.1"
export HTTP_ACCEPT="*/*"
export REQUEST_METHOD="GET"
export QUERY_STRING="a=project_index"
perl -- /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Run this script and save its output to a file. This file could then be used
as projects list file, which means that you can set `$projects_list` to its
filename.
Controlling access to git repositories
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and
available to gitweb. You can however configure how gitweb controls access
to repositories.
* As described in "Projects list file format" section, you can control which
projects are *visible* by selectively including repositories in projects
list file, and setting `$projects_list` gitweb configuration variable to
point to it. With `$strict_export` set, projects list file can be used to
control which repositories are *available* as well.
* You can configure gitweb to only list and allow viewing of the explicitly
exported repositories, via `$export_ok` variable in gitweb config file; see
linkgit:gitweb.conf[5] manpage. If it evaluates to true, gitweb shows
repositories only if this file named by `$export_ok` exists in its object
database (if directory has the magic file named `$export_ok`).
+
For example linkgit:git-daemon[1] by default (unless `--export-all` option
is used) allows pulling only for those repositories that have
'git-daemon-export-ok' file. Adding
+
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
our $export_ok = "git-daemon-export-ok";
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
makes gitweb show and allow access only to those repositories that can be
fetched from via `git://` protocol.
* Finally, it is possible to specify an arbitrary perl subroutine that will
be called for each repository to determine if it can be exported. The
subroutine receives an absolute path to the project (repository) as its only
parameter (i.e. "$projectroot/$project").
+
For example, if you use mod_perl to run the script, and have dumb
HTTP protocol authentication configured for your repositories, you
can use the following hook to allow access only if the user is
authorized to read the files:
+
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
$export_auth_hook = sub {
use Apache2::SubRequest ();
use Apache2::Const -compile => qw(HTTP_OK);
my $path = "$_[0]/HEAD";
my $r = Apache2::RequestUtil->request;
my $sub = $r->lookup_file($path);
return $sub->filename eq $path
&& $sub->status == Apache2::Const::HTTP_OK;
};
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Per-repository gitweb configuration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You can configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating file
in the 'GIT_DIR' of git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
variable (in 'GIT_DIR/config', see linkgit:git-config[1]).
You can use the following files in repository:
README.html::
A html file (HTML fragment) which is included on the gitweb project
"summary" page inside `<div>` block element. You can use it for longer
description of a project, to provide links (for example to project's
homepage), etc. This is recognized only if XSS prevention is off
(`$prevent_xss` is false, see linkgit:gitweb.conf[5]); a way to include
a README safely when XSS prevention is on may be worked out in the
future.
description (or `gitweb.description`)::
Short (shortened to `$projects_list_description_width` in the projects
list page, which is 25 characters by default; see
linkgit:gitweb.conf[5]) single line description of a project (of a
repository). Plain text file; HTML will be escaped. By default set to
+
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unnamed repository; edit this file to name it for gitweb.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
from the template during repository creation, usually installed in
'/usr/share/git-core/templates/'. You can use the `gitweb.description` repo
configuration variable, but the file takes precedence.
category (or `gitweb.category`)::
Singe line category of a project, used to group projects if
`$projects_list_group_categories` is enabled. By default (file and
configuration variable absent), uncategorized projects are put in the
`$project_list_default_category` category. You can use the
`gitweb.category` repo configuration variable, but the file takes
precedence.
+
The configuration variables `$projects_list_group_categories` and
`$project_list_default_category` are described in linkgit:gitweb.conf[5]
cloneurl (or multiple-valued `gitweb.url`)::
File with repository URL (used for clone and fetch), one per line.
Displayed in the project summary page. You can use multiple-valued
`gitweb.url` repository configuration variable for that, but the file
takes precedence.
+
This is per-repository enhancement / version of global prefix-based
`@git_base_url_list` gitweb configuration variable (see
linkgit:gitweb.conf[5]).
gitweb.owner::
You can use the `gitweb.owner` repository configuration variable to set
repository's owner. It is displayed in the project list and summary
page.
+
If it's not set, filesystem directory's owner is used (via GECOS field,
i.e. real name field from *getpwuid*(3)) if `$projects_list` is unset
(gitweb scans `$projectroot` for repositories); if `$projects_list`
points to file with list of repositories, then project owner defaults to
value from this file for given repository.
various `gitweb.*` config variables (in config)::
Read description of `%feature` hash for detailed list, and descriptions.
See also "Configuring gitweb features" section in linkgit:gitweb.conf[5]
ACTIONS, AND URLS
-----------------
Gitweb can use path_info (component) based URLs, or it can pass all necessary
information via query parameters. The typical gitweb URLs are broken down in to
five components:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
.../gitweb.cgi/<repo>/<action>/<revision>:/<path>?<arguments>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
repo::
The repository the action will be performed on.
+
All actions except for those that list all available projects,
in whatever form, require this parameter.
action::
The action that will be run. Defaults to 'projects_list' if repo
is not set, and to 'summary' otherwise.
revision::
Revision shown. Defaults to HEAD.
path::
The path within the <repository> that the action is performed on,
for those actions that require it.
arguments::
Any arguments that control the behaviour of the action.
Some actions require or allow to specify two revisions, and sometimes even two
pathnames. In most general form such path_info (component) based gitweb URL
looks like this:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
.../gitweb.cgi/<repo>/<action>/<revision_from>:/<path_from>..<revision_to>:/<path_to>?<arguments>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Each action is implemented as a subroutine, and must be present in %actions
hash. Some actions are disabled by default, and must be turned on via feature
mechanism. For example to enable 'blame' view add the following to gitweb
configuration file:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
$feature{'blame'}{'default'} = [1];
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Actions:
~~~~~~~~
The standard actions are:
project_list::
Lists the available Git repositories. This is the default command if no
repository is specified in the URL.
summary::
Displays summary about given repository. This is the default command if
no action is specified in URL, and only repository is specified.
heads::
remotes::
Lists all local or all remote-tracking branches in given repository.
+
The latter is not available by default, unless configured.
tags::
List all tags (lightweight and annotated) in given repository.
blob::
tree::
Shows the files and directories in a given repository path, at given
revision. This is default command if no action is specified in the URL,
and path is given.
blob_plain::
Returns the raw data for the file in given repository, at given path and
revision. Links to this action are marked 'raw'.
blobdiff::
Shows the difference between two revisions of the same file.
blame::
blame_incremental::
Shows the blame (also called annotation) information for a file. On a
per line basis it shows the revision in which that line was last changed
and the user that committed the change. The incremental version (which
if configured is used automatically when JavaScript is enabled) uses
Ajax to incrementally add blame info to the contents of given file.
+
This action is disabled by default for performance reasons.
commit::
commitdiff::
Shows information about a specific commit in a repository. The 'commit'
view shows information about commit in more detail, the 'commitdiff'
action shows changeset for given commit.
patch::
Returns the commit in plain text mail format, suitable for applying with
linkgit:git-am[1].
tag::
Display specific annotated tag (tag object).
log::
shortlog::
Shows log information (commit message or just commit subject) for a
given branch (starting from given revision).
+
The 'shortlog' view is more compact; it shows one commit per line.
history::
Shows history of the file or directory in a given repository path,
starting from given revision (defaults to HEAD, i.e. default branch).
+
This view is similar to 'shortlog' view.
rss::
atom::
Generates an RSS (or Atom) feed of changes to repository.
WEBSERVER CONFIGURATION
-----------------------
This section explains how to configure some common webservers to run gitweb. In
all cases, `/path/to/gitweb` in the examples is the directory you ran installed
gitweb in, and contains `gitweb_config.perl`.
If you've configured a web server that isn't listed here for gitweb, please send
in the instructions so they can be included in a future release.
Apache as CGI
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Apache must be configured to support CGI scripts in the directory in
which gitweb is installed. Let's assume that it is '/var/www/cgi-bin'
directory.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
Options Indexes FollowSymlinks ExecCGI
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:
http://server/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
Apache with mod_perl, via ModPerl::Registry
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You can use mod_perl with gitweb. You must install Apache::Registry
(for mod_perl 1.x) or ModPerl::Registry (for mod_perl 2.x) to enable
this support.
Assuming that gitweb is installed to '/var/www/perl', the following
Apache configuration (for mod_perl 2.x) is suitable.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Alias /perl "/var/www/perl"
<Directory "/var/www/perl">
SetHandler perl-script
PerlResponseHandler ModPerl::Registry
PerlOptions +ParseHeaders
Options Indexes FollowSymlinks +ExecCGI
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:
http://server/perl/gitweb.cgi
Apache with FastCGI
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Gitweb works with Apache and FastCGI. First you need to rename, copy
or symlink gitweb.cgi to gitweb.fcgi. Let's assume that gitweb is
installed in '/usr/share/gitweb' directory. The following Apache
configuration is suitable (UNTESTED!)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
FastCgiServer /usr/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi
ScriptAlias /gitweb /usr/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi
Alias /gitweb/static /usr/share/gitweb/static
<Directory /usr/share/gitweb/static>
SetHandler default-handler
</Directory>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:
http://server/gitweb
ADVANCED WEB SERVER SETUP
-------------------------
All of those examples use request rewriting, and need `mod_rewrite`
(or equivalent; examples below are written for Apache).
Single URL for gitweb and for fetching
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you want to have one URL for both gitweb and your `http://`
repositories, you can configure Apache like this:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName git.example.org
DocumentRoot /pub/git
SetEnv GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/gitweb.conf
# turning on mod rewrite
RewriteEngine on
# make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script
RewriteRule ^/$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
# make access for "dumb clients" work
RewriteRule ^/(.*\.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ \
/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI} [L,PT]
</VirtualHost>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under
'/pub/git' and will serve them as `http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git`,
both as cloneable GIT URL and as browseable gitweb interface. If you then
start your linkgit:git-daemon[1] with `--base-path=/pub/git --export-all`
then you can even use the `git://` URL with exactly the same path.
Setting the environment variable `GITWEB_CONFIG` will tell gitweb to use the
named file (i.e. in this example '/etc/gitweb.conf') as a configuration for
gitweb. You don't really need it in above example; it is required only if
your configuration file is in different place than built-in (during
compiling gitweb) 'gitweb_config.perl' or '/etc/gitweb.conf'. See
linkgit:gitweb.conf[5] for details, especially information about precedence
rules.
If you use the rewrite rules from the example you *might* also need
something like the following in your gitweb configuration file
('/etc/gitweb.conf' following example):
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@stylesheets = ("/some/absolute/path/gitweb.css");
$my_uri = "/";
$home_link = "/";
$per_request_config = 1;
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nowadays though gitweb should create HTML base tag when needed (to set base
URI for relative links), so it should work automatically.
Webserver configuration with multiple projects' root
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you want to use gitweb with several project roots you can edit your
Apache virtual host and gitweb configuration files in the following way.
The virtual host configuration (in Apache configuration file) should look
like this:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName git.example.org
DocumentRoot /pub/git
SetEnv GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/gitweb.conf
# turning on mod rewrite
RewriteEngine on
# make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script
RewriteRule ^/$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi [QSA,L,PT]
# look for a public_git folder in unix users' home
# http://git.example.org/~<user>/
RewriteRule ^/\~([^\/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
[QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]
# http://git.example.org/+<user>/
#RewriteRule ^/\+([^\/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
[QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]
# http://git.example.org/user/<user>/
#RewriteRule ^/user/([^\/]+)/(gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
[QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]
# defined list of project roots
RewriteRule ^/scm(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
[QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/pub/scm/,L,PT]
RewriteRule ^/var(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
[QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/var/git/,L,PT]
# make access for "dumb clients" work
RewriteRule ^/(.*\.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ \
/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI} [L,PT]
</VirtualHost>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Here actual project root is passed to gitweb via `GITWEB_PROJECT_ROOT`
environment variable from a web server, so you need to put the following
line in gitweb configuration file ('/etc/gitweb.conf' in above example):
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
$projectroot = $ENV{'GITWEB_PROJECTROOT'} || "/pub/git";
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Note* that this requires to be set for each request, so either
`$per_request_config` must be false, or the above must be put in code
referenced by `$per_request_config`;
These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (`<user>`) of
the server will be able to browse through gitweb git repositories found in
'~/public_git/' with the following url:
http://git.example.org/~<user>/
If you do not want this feature on your server just remove the second
rewrite rule.
If you already use `mod_userdir` in your virtual host or you don't want to
use the \'~' as first character, just comment or remove the second rewrite
rule, and uncomment one of the following according to what you want.
Second, repositories found in '/pub/scm/' and '/var/git/' will be accessible
through `http://git.example.org/scm/` and `http://git.example.org/var/`.
You can add as many project roots as you want by adding rewrite rules like
the third and the fourth.
PATH_INFO usage
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you enable PATH_INFO usage in gitweb by putting
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
$feature{'pathinfo'}{'default'} = [1];
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
in your gitweb configuration file, it is possible to set up your server so
that it consumes and produces URLs in the form
http://git.example.com/project.git/shortlog/sometag
i.e. without 'gitweb.cgi' part, by using a configuration such as the
following. This configuration assumes that '/var/www/gitweb' is the
DocumentRoot of your webserver, contains the gitweb.cgi script and
complementary static files (stylesheet, favicon, JavaScript):
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAlias git.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb
<Directory /var/www/gitweb>
Options ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script cgi
DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT]
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The rewrite rule guarantees that existing static files will be properly
served, whereas any other URL will be passed to gitweb as PATH_INFO
parameter.
*Notice* that in this case you don't need special settings for
`@stylesheets`, `$my_uri` and `$home_link`, but you lose "dumb client"
access to your project .git dirs (described in "Single URL for gitweb and
for fetching" section). A possible workaround for the latter is the
following: in your project root dir (e.g. '/pub/git') have the projects
named *without* a .git extension (e.g. '/pub/git/project' instead of
'/pub/git/project.git') and configure Apache as follows:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAlias git.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb
AliasMatch ^(/.*?)(\.git)(/.*)?$ /pub/git$1$3
<Directory /var/www/gitweb>
Options ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script cgi
DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT]
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The additional AliasMatch makes it so that
http://git.example.com/project.git
will give raw access to the project's git dir (so that the project can be
cloned), while
http://git.example.com/project
will provide human-friendly gitweb access.
This solution is not 100% bulletproof, in the sense that if some project has
a named ref (branch, tag) starting with 'git/', then paths such as
http://git.example.com/project/command/abranch..git/abranch
will fail with a 404 error.
BUGS
----
Please report any bugs or feature requests to git@vger.kernel.org,
putting "gitweb" in the subject of email.
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:gitweb.conf[5], linkgit:git-instaweb[1]
'gitweb/README', 'gitweb/INSTALL'
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite

View File

@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ Gitweb config file
------------------
See also "Runtime gitweb configuration" section in README file
for gitweb (in gitweb/README).
for gitweb (in gitweb/README), and gitweb.conf(5) manpage.
- You can configure gitweb further using the per-instance gitweb configuration file;
by default this is a file named gitweb_config.perl in the same place as
@ -287,97 +287,19 @@ adding the following lines to your $GITWEB_CONFIG:
Gitweb repositories
-------------------
- By default all git repositories under projectroot are visible and
available to gitweb. The list of projects is generated by default by
scanning the projectroot directory for git repositories (for object
databases to be more exact).
By default gitweb shows all git repositories under single common repository
root on a local filesystem; see description of GITWEB_PROJECTROOT build-time
configuration variable above (and also of GITWEB_LIST).
You can provide a pre-generated list of [visible] repositories,
together with information about their owners (the project ownership
defaults to the owner of the repository directory otherwise), by setting
the GITWEB_LIST build configuration variable (or the $projects_list
variable in the gitweb config file) to point to a plain file.
Each line of the projects list file should consist of the url-encoded path
to the project repository database (relative to projectroot), followed
by the url-encoded project owner on the same line (separated by a space).
Spaces in both project path and project owner have to be encoded as either
'%20' or '+'.
Other characters that have to be url-encoded, i.e. replaced by '%'
followed by two-digit character number in octal, are: other whitespace
characters (because they are field separator in a record), plus sign '+'
(because it can be used as replacement for spaces), and percent sign '%'
(which is used for encoding / escaping).
You can generate the projects list index file using the project_index
action (the 'TXT' link on projects list page) directly from gitweb.
- By default, even if a project is not visible on projects list page, you
can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting a gitweb URL. You can set the
GITWEB_STRICT_EXPORT build configuration variable (or the $strict_export
variable in the gitweb config file) to only allow viewing of
repositories also shown on the overview page.
- Alternatively, you can configure gitweb to only list and allow
viewing of the explicitly exported repositories, via the
GITWEB_EXPORT_OK build configuration variable (or the $export_ok
variable in gitweb config file). If it evaluates to true, gitweb
shows repositories only if this file exists in its object database
(if directory has the magic file named $export_ok).
- Finally, it is possible to specify an arbitrary perl subroutine that
will be called for each project to determine if it can be exported.
The subroutine receives an absolute path to the project as its only
parameter.
For example, if you use mod_perl to run the script, and have dumb
http protocol authentication configured for your repositories, you
can use the following hook to allow access only if the user is
authorized to read the files:
$export_auth_hook = sub {
use Apache2::SubRequest ();
use Apache2::Const -compile => qw(HTTP_OK);
my $path = "$_[0]/HEAD";
my $r = Apache2::RequestUtil->request;
my $sub = $r->lookup_file($path);
return $sub->filename eq $path
&& $sub->status == Apache2::Const::HTTP_OK;
};
Generating projects list using gitweb
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We assume that GITWEB_CONFIG has its default Makefile value, namely
gitweb_config.perl. Put the following in gitweb_make_index.perl file:
$GITWEB_CONFIG = "gitweb_config.perl";
do $GITWEB_CONFIG if -e $GITWEB_CONFIG;
$projects_list = $projectroot;
Then create the following script to get list of project in the format
suitable for GITWEB_LIST build configuration variable (or
$projects_list variable in gitweb config):
#!/bin/sh
export GITWEB_CONFIG="gitweb_make_index.perl"
export GATEWAY_INTERFACE="CGI/1.1"
export HTTP_ACCEPT="*/*"
export REQUEST_METHOD="GET"
export QUERY_STRING="a=project_index"
perl -- /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
More advanced usage, like limiting access or visibility of repositories and
managing multiple roots are described on gitweb manpage.
Example web server configuration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
See also "Webserver configuration" section in README file for gitweb
(in gitweb/README).
See also "Webserver configuration" and "Advanced web server setup" sections
in gitweb(1) manpage.
- Apache2, gitweb installed as CGI script,

View File

@ -7,9 +7,18 @@ The one working on:
From the git version 1.4.0 gitweb is bundled with git.
Build time gitweb configuration
-------------------------------
There are many configuration variables which affect building gitweb (among
others creating gitweb.cgi out of gitweb.perl by replacing placeholders such
as `++GIT_BINDIR++` by their build-time values).
Building and installing gitweb is described in gitweb's INSTALL file
(in 'gitweb/INSTALL').
Runtime gitweb configuration
----------------------------
Gitweb obtains configuration data from the following sources in the
following order:
@ -44,266 +53,19 @@ as comments inside 'gitweb.cgi'.
See also gitweb.conf(5) manpage.
Projects list file format
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Instead of having gitweb find repositories by scanning filesystem starting
from $projectroot (or $projects_list, if it points to directory), you can
provide list of projects by setting $projects_list to a text file with list
of projects (and some additional info). This file uses the following
format:
One record (for project / repository) per line, whitespace separated fields;
does not support (at least for now) lines continuation (newline escaping).
Leading and trailing whitespace are ignored, any run of whitespace can be
used as field separator (rules for Perl's "split(' ', $line)"). Keyed by
the first field, which is project name, i.e. path to repository GIT_DIR
relative to $projectroot. Fields use modified URI encoding, defined in
RFC 3986, section 2.1 (Percent-Encoding), or rather "Query string encoding"
(see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string#URL_encoding), the difference
being that SP (' ') can be encoded as '+' (and therefore '+' has to be also
percent-encoded). Reserved characters are: '%' (used for encoding), '+'
(can be used to encode SPACE), all whitespace characters as defined in Perl,
including SP, TAB and LF, (used to separate fields in a record).
Currently list of fields is
* <repository path> - path to repository GIT_DIR, relative to $projectroot
* <repository owner> - displayed as repository owner, preferably full name,
or email, or both
You can additionally use $projects_list file to limit which repositories
are visible, and together with $strict_export to limit access to
repositories (see "Gitweb repositories" section in gitweb/INSTALL).
Per-repository gitweb configuration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You can also configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating
file in the GIT_DIR of git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
variable (in GIT_DIR/config).
You can use the following files in repository:
* README.html
A .html file (HTML fragment) which is included on the gitweb project
summary page inside <div> block element. You can use it for longer
description of a project, to provide links (for example to project's
homepage), etc. This is recognized only if XSS prevention is off
($prevent_xss is false); a way to include a readme safely when XSS
prevention is on may be worked out in the future.
* description (or gitweb.description)
Short (shortened by default to 25 characters in the projects list page)
single line description of a project (of a repository). Plain text file;
HTML will be escaped. By default set to
Unnamed repository; edit this file to name it for gitweb.
from the template during repository creation. You can use the
gitweb.description repo configuration variable, but the file takes
precedence.
* category (or gitweb.category)
Singe line category of a project, used to group projects if
$projects_list_group_categories is enabled. By default (file and
configuration variable absent), uncategorized projects are put in
the $project_list_default_category category. You can use the
gitweb.category repo configuration variable, but the file takes
precedence.
* cloneurl (or multiple-valued gitweb.url)
File with repository URL (used for clone and fetch), one per line.
Displayed in the project summary page. You can use multiple-valued
gitweb.url repository configuration variable for that, but the file
takes precedence.
* gitweb.owner
You can use the gitweb.owner repository configuration variable to set
repository's owner. It is displayed in the project list and summary
page. If it's not set, filesystem directory's owner is used
(via GECOS field / real name field from getpwiud(3)).
* various gitweb.* config variables (in config)
Read description of %feature hash for detailed list, and some
descriptions.
Webserver configuration
-----------------------
If you want to have one URL for both gitweb and your http://
repositories, you can configure apache like this:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName git.example.org
DocumentRoot /pub/git
SetEnv GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/gitweb.conf
# turning on mod rewrite
RewriteEngine on
# make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script
RewriteRule ^/$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
# make access for "dumb clients" work
RewriteRule ^/(.*\.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI} [L,PT]
</VirtualHost>
The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under
/pub/git and will serve them as http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git,
both as cloneable GIT URL and as browseable gitweb interface.
If you then start your git-daemon with --base-path=/pub/git --export-all
then you can even use the git:// URL with exactly the same path.
Setting the environment variable GITWEB_CONFIG will tell gitweb to use
the named file (i.e. in this example /etc/gitweb.conf) as a
configuration for gitweb. Perl variables defined in here will
override the defaults given at the head of the gitweb.perl (or
gitweb.cgi). Look at the comments in that file for information on
which variables and what they mean.
If you use the rewrite rules from the example you'll likely also need
something like the following in your gitweb.conf (or gitweb_config.perl) file:
@stylesheets = ("/some/absolute/path/gitweb.css");
$my_uri = "/";
$home_link = "/";
Webserver configuration with multiple projects' root
----------------------------------------------------
If you want to use gitweb with several project roots you can edit your apache
virtual host and gitweb.conf configuration files like this :
virtual host configuration :
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName git.example.org
DocumentRoot /pub/git
SetEnv GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/gitweb.conf
# turning on mod rewrite
RewriteEngine on
# make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script
RewriteRule ^/$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi [QSA,L,PT]
# look for a public_git folder in unix users' home
# http://git.example.org/~<user>/
RewriteRule ^/\~([^\/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]
# http://git.example.org/+<user>/
#RewriteRule ^/\+([^\/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]
# http://git.example.org/user/<user>/
#RewriteRule ^/user/([^\/]+)/(gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]
# defined list of project roots
RewriteRule ^/scm(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/pub/scm/,L,PT]
RewriteRule ^/var(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/var/git/,L,PT]
# make access for "dumb clients" work
RewriteRule ^/(.*\.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI} [L,PT]
</VirtualHost>
gitweb.conf configuration :
$projectroot = $ENV{'GITWEB_PROJECTROOT'} || "/pub/git";
These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (<user>) of the
server will be able to browse through gitweb git repositories found in
~/public_git/ with the following url : http://git.example.org/~<user>/
If you do not want this feature on your server just remove the second rewrite rule.
If you already use mod_userdir in your virtual host or you don't want to use
the '~' as first character just comment or remove the second rewrite rule and
uncomment one of the following according to what you want.
Second, repositories found in /pub/scm/ and /var/git/ will be accesible
through http://git.example.org/scm/ and http://git.example.org/var/.
You can add as many project roots as you want by adding rewrite rules like the
third and the fourth.
PATH_INFO usage
-----------------------
If you enable PATH_INFO usage in gitweb by putting
$feature{'pathinfo'}{'default'} = [1];
in your gitweb.conf, it is possible to set up your server so that it
consumes and produces URLs in the form
http://git.example.com/project.git/shortlog/sometag
by using a configuration such as the following, that assumes that
/var/www/gitweb is the DocumentRoot of your webserver, and that it
contains the gitweb.cgi script and complementary static files
(stylesheet, favicon):
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAlias git.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb
<Directory /var/www/gitweb>
Options ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script cgi
DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT]
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
The rewrite rule guarantees that existing static files will be properly
served, whereas any other URL will be passed to gitweb as PATH_INFO
parameter.
Notice that in this case you don't need special settings for
@stylesheets, $my_uri and $home_link, but you lose "dumb client" access
to your project .git dirs. A possible workaround for the latter is the
following: in your project root dir (e.g. /pub/git) have the projects
named without a .git extension (e.g. /pub/git/project instead of
/pub/git/project.git) and configure Apache as follows:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAlias git.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb
AliasMatch ^(/.*?)(\.git)(/.*)?$ /pub/git$1$3
<Directory /var/www/gitweb>
Options ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script cgi
DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT]
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
The additional AliasMatch makes it so that
http://git.example.com/project.git
will give raw access to the project's git dir (so that the project can
be cloned), while
http://git.example.com/project
will provide human-friendly gitweb access.
This solution is not 100% bulletproof, in the sense that if some project
has a named ref (branch, tag) starting with 'git/', then paths such as
http://git.example.com/project/command/abranch..git/abranch
will fail with a 404 error.
Web server configuration
------------------------
Gitweb can be run as CGI script, as legacy mod_perl application (using
ModPerl::Registry), and as FastCGI script. You can find some simple examples
in "Example web server configuration" section in INSTALL file for gitweb (in
gitweb/INSTALL).
See "Webserver configuration" and "Advanced web server setup" sections in
gitweb(1) manpage.
AUTHORS
-------
Originally written by:
Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>